下载翻译插件
请选择您当前的浏览器，下载对应的插件:
其他浏览器正在火热开发中...
你的常用语种在这里
较慢中速较快
英语发音偏好
添加收藏到&(单选)&：
暂时没有您的历史记录
不想显示历史记录？
努力翻译中...
添加收藏到&(单选)&：From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
as "The Wee Man", a stereotypical chav character
Chav ( ) (charver in parts of Northern England) is a
epithet used in
to describe a particular
of anti-social youth dressed in sportswear. The word was popularised in the first decade of the 21st century by the British
to refer to an
in the . The
defines chav as an informal British derogatory, meaning "a young lower-class person who displays brash and loutish behaviour and wears real or imitation designer clothes". The derivative chavette has been used to refer to females, and the adjectives chavvy, chavvish and chavtastic have been used in relation to items designed for or suitable for use by chavs.
Opinion is divided on the origin of the term. Chav may have its origins in the
word chavi, meaning "child". The word chavvy has existed since at least the 19 lexicographer Eric Partridge mentions it in his 1950 dictionary of slang and unconventional English, giving its date of origin as c. 1860.
The word in its current pejorative usage is recorded by the
as first used in a
in 1998 and first used in a newspaper in 2002. By 2005 the term had become widespread in its use as to refer to a type of anti-social, uncultured youth, who wear a lot of flashy jewellery, white , , the girls expose a lot of midriff.
In his 2011 book, ,
surmised that the word is an attack on the poor. In the 2010 book Stab Proof Scarecrows by Lance Manley, it was surmised that "chav" was an abbreviation for " and violent". This is widely regarded as a , a constructed acronym created to fit an existing word. This interpretation of the word was used in a 2012 public statement by Rapper
as he spoke out to oppose the use of the term.
In 2013 linguist
People talk about "chav behaviour" or "chav insults" and that sort of thing. Oh, don't believe the popular etymologies that you read sometimes in the press and on websites. I saw one the other day, people said, "It's an acronym, 'chav', from 'council house and violent'"—well, no, it isn't, that was made up in recent times.
Besides referring to loutish behaviour, violence, and particular speech patterns, the chav stereotype includes wearing branded designer , which may be accompanied by some form of flashy gold
otherwise termed as "". They have been described as adopting "black culture", and use some
in their slang.
In a case where a teenage woman was barred from her own home under the terms of an
in 2005, some British national newspapers branded her "the real-life " with the
running headlines reading, "Good riddance to chav scum: real life Vicky Pollard evicted", both referring to a
comedy character. Created by radio host Matt Lucas for the show , the character Vicky Pollard is a teenage girl intended to parody a chav. A 2006 survey by
suggested 70% of TV industry professionals believed that Vicky Pollard was an accurate reflection of white working-class youth. Also in 2006,
and his younger brother
had dressed up as chavs, resulting in headlines in
naming him "Future Bling of England". The article stated, "William has a great sense of humour and went to a lot of trouble thinking up what to wear".
Response to the stereotype has ranged from amusement to criticism, with some saying that it is a new manifestation of .
in 2011 identified issues stemming from the use of the terms "" and "chav" within the mass media, which had led to age discrimination as a result of mass media-created stereotypes.
In 2005 the fashion house , whilst deriding chavs, claimed that the widespread fashion in the UK of chavs wearing its branded style () was due to the widespread availability of cheaper
versions. In 2008, in response to the continuing rise in popularity among chavs of the Burberry brand, , who was responsible for the company’s image, said "I'm proud we had such a democratic appeal."
The large supermarket chain
has attempted to trademark the word "chav" for a line of confectionery. A spokeswoman said, "With slogans from characters in shows such as
providing us with more and more contemporary slang, our "Whatever" sweets – now nicknamed chav hearts – have become very popular with kids and grown-ups alike. We thought we needed to give them some respect and have decided to trademark our sweets."
documentary suggested that chav culture is an evolution of previous working-class youth subcultures associated with particular commercial clothing styles, such as , , and .
In a February 2005 article in ,
argued that use of the word is a form of "social ", and that such "sneering" reveals more about the shortcomings of the "chav-haters" than those of their supposed victims. The writer
argued along similar lines in a 2007 article in The Guardian. The widespread use of the "chav" stereotype has been criticised. Some argue that it amounts to simple snobbery and elitism. Critics of the term have argued that its users are "neo-snobs", and that its increasing popularity raises questions about how British society deals with
and class.
considers the term to be offensive and regards it as "sneering and patronising" to a largely voiceless group. On describing those who use the word, the society stated that "we all know their old serviette/napkin, lounge/living room, settee/sofa tricks. But this is something new. This is middle class hatred of the white working class, pure and simple." The Fabian Society have been highly critical of the BBC in using the term in broadcasts. Use of the term 'chav' was reported in The Guardian in 2011 as "class abuse by people asserting superiority".
By 2004, the word was used in national newspapers and common parlance in the UK. 's Larpers and Shroomers: The Language Report, published by the , designated it as the "word of the year" in 2004.
Characters described as "chavs" have been featured in numerous British television programmes, as well as films. The character, clothing, attitude and musical interests of
and her friends in the BBC comedy series, , have been associated with the chav stereotype. The comedy series
features a character intended as a chav parody, . In the British television series , the character of
is presented as a stereotypical "chav". , the actress who portrays Kelly, has described the character as being "a bit chavvy".
has referred to the character as "[a] chavvish girl", and the character has been said to possess a "chav accent". In the "" episode of the BBC TV series , the character
is transplanted into
body (). When Cassandra sees herself in a mirror, she exclaims "Oh my God... I'm a chav!" In , the main character Eggsy Unwin () is introduced as a stereotypical chav.
, the 1980s precursor to the chav subculture
, similar stereotype in Australia and New Zealand
. Archived from
on 12 January .
Crystal, Professor David. . Keep Your English Up To date. BBC World Service 2013.
Heath, Olivia (19 June 2011). . The Guardian 2012.
. Oxford University Press 2013.
. [Etiquette expert Liz Brewer] is going to change them from chavette into perfect ladies.
. BBC News. 8 June 2005.
Quinion, Michael. .
Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (Third ed.). New York: The MacMillan Company. 1950. p. 143.
. BBC. 3 June .
. BBC News 2013.
Manley, Lance (2010). Stab Proof Scarecrows, A Memoir Looking at Policing in the UK from a Trainee's Perspective. Leicester, England: Matador, Troubador Publishing Ltd. p. 369.  .
Holden, Steve. . BBC 2012.
Atkinson, M Young, Kevin (18 June 2008). . Emerald Group Publishing. p. 265.   2011.
LARCOMBE, DUNCAN. . The Sun 2012.
Nisha Kapoor (28 June 2013). . Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 50–.  .
. The Guardian. 12 May .
John, Harris (11 April 2006). . The Guardian. London.
King, Ian (12 January 2005). . The Sun. London. Archived from
on 24 October 2012.
Jones, Liz (2 June 2008). . Daily Mail 2012.
. AOL NEWS. Archived from
on 11 October 2007.
"Loud and Proud - The Street Look". British Style Genius. Season 1. Episode 5. . 59 minutes in. BBC.
Burchill, Julie (18 February 2005). . The Times. London.
Harris, John (6 March 2007). . The Guardian. London.
Hayward, K Yar, Majid (2006). "The 'chav' phenomenon: Consumption, media and the construction of a new underclass". Crime, Media, Culture. 2 (1): 9–28. :.
Hampson, Tom (15 July 2008). . The Guardian. London.
Bennett, Oliver (28 January 2004). . The Independent. London.
BBC (16 July 2008). . BBC 2012.
Toynbee, Polly (31 May 2011). . Fostering the loathing of a feral underclass allows public resentment to be diverted from those above to those below 2012.
Noel-Tod, Jeremy (3 April 2005). . The Times Literary Supplement. London.
Dent, Susie (2004). Larpers and shroomers: the language report. Oxford University Press.  .
. Metro. 26 January 2009.
McConnell, Donna (19 November 2007). . Daily Mail. London.
. . 11 November .
Gray, Sadie. .
Laws, Rob (21 November 2010). . . Archived from
on 17 November .
"New Earth". Doctor Who. Season 2. Episode 168. 15 April 2006. BBC.
Lawson, Richard (12 February 2015). .
Keith Hayward and Majid Yar (2006). "The "chav" phenomenon: Consumption, media and the construction of a new underclass". Crime, Media, Culture. 2 (1): 9–28. :.
(2011). Chavs: The Demonization of the Working Class. Verso.  .
in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to .
at TEDxObserver.
: Hidden categories:From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Michael Carroll (born 29 March 1983 in , Norfolk) is an English winner of the UK .
A former , Carroll won ?9,736,131 on the National Lottery in November 2002, aged 19. He enjoyed a celebrity status for a time in the British media as a "Lotto lout" and the self-proclaimed "King of ", a phrase that he emblazoned on his black
Michael Carroll's mother worked in a canning factory and his father was an RAF engineer. When Carroll was 18 months old, his father was jailed in a military prison for 11 years for stabbing a couple after getting into a fight at a dance. His parents separated when he his father died from a heart attack when Carroll was 10. He had several stepfathers, one of whom would lock him in his room for hours after hitting him. Carroll stated he was , had , and was barely literate by the time he finished secondary school.
When Carroll was 13, he received a custodial sentence for shoplifting and was sent to the
in Suffolk where he reports that he learned to read and write. When Carroll won the Lottery at the age of 19, he was employed part-time as a binman. At the time of his win, Carroll did not have a bank account, and tried opening one at
as recommended by the lottery company. Coutts refused his application, which Carroll later ascribed to his criminal record.
Carroll had a bank account set up with St. James's Place Bank (Division of Halifax at the time)
Soon after winning his fortune, Carroll stated he would not be tempted into spending his money lavishly and only wanted to buy a three-bedroom house near a lake, where he could go fishing. As a fan of , Carroll invested up to a million pounds of his winnings via Rangers Financial Management, from whom the football club receive a share of profits on the financial services they sell.
In 2004, he was banned from driving for six months after being caught at the wheel of his new ?49,000 BMW without
and without insurance.
In 2005, Carroll participated in a celebrity
match in which he seemed to be defeated by , formerly a star of TV show
under the name Rhino, but the fight was officially declared a draw by the judges. Also in 2006, he was the subject of the documentary Michael Carroll: King of Chavs.
In June 2005, Carroll was given an
by the court after it was found that while drunk he had been catapulting steel balls from his
van, which resulted in breaking 32 car and shop windows, in , where he was living. He was sentenced with 240 hours of community service and a warning he could face jail time if he did not adhere to the ASBO.
In February 2006, he was jailed for nine months for . It was noted in court while being sentenced that, since 1997, Carroll had 42 previous offences on record. In August 2006, Carroll denied rumours that he had no money left.
While living at his mansion, five of his
were found dead with their throats cut. He paid the ?130,000 to blackmailers who threatened his family. He said the men came with shotguns and said "You aren't so big now are you, Mr. Carroll?". He took off in his car and he never went back to , he claimed. He ended up returning to .
In May 2010 he applied for his old job as a , but said he has no regrets about the way in which he spent his winnings.
His biography written by , entitled Careful What You Wish For ( ), was published by
in October 2006. In 2010, he appeared as a fictionalised version of himself in the film .
One smart investment Carroll made with advice was to set up a ?3.9 million investment bond, which generated monthly income. He was advised to use this account only if funds from a regular account were gone. Once withdrawals are made from the bond, however, huge penalty fees were deducted, besides the amount of the withdrawal. Carroll, who was very generous to family and friends, gave his mother, aunt and a sister ?1 million each, and claimed by September 2003, he had to start living off the bond.
In 2006, the BBC reported that he was almost broke, having spent his fortune on new homes, drugs, parties, jewellery and cars.
. The Independent. 22 October 2006.
Thomas Crosbie Media. . Archived from
on 2 April
Johnston Press Digital Publishing. . Archived from
on 29 September
Sapsted, David (29 June 2005). . The Telegraph.
BBC News (10 February 2006). .
BBC Radio Norfolk, 14 August 2006
, BBC News, 19 May 2010
. BBC News. 13 July
: Hidden categories: