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英语3000常用词用法详解词典(o
obey[E5beI] v.服从，顺从，听从：You must obey your
father. 你必须听你父亲的话。 / A good dog obeys his master. 好狗听主人的话。
object[5CbdVIkt] n.1.[C]物体，物品，实物：Tell me
the names of the objects in this room.
请告诉我这个房间里物品的名称。2.[C]对象：an object of admiration 赞美的对象
3.[C]目的，目标：with no object in life 没有生活目标
observe[Eb5z\:v] v.1.注意到，看到：They were
observed entering the bank. 有人看到他们进入银行。2.遵守，奉行：observe the
speed limit 遵守车速限制
【用法】其后可接现在分词(表示动作正在进行)或用省略 to
的不定式(表示动作的全过程)作宾语补足语，但若变为被动语态，则不定式要带 to：We observed him go out with
her. 我们看见他与她一起出去。/ He was observed to leave the room.
有人注意到他离开了房间。
obtain[Eb5teIn] vt.获得，得到：I haven’t been
able to obtain that book. 我还没能得到那本书。
obvious[5CbvIEs] adj.明白的，显然的：It is obvious
that she is very clever. 很明显，她挺聪明。
occur[E5k\:] v.1.发生：The accident occurred
at five o’clock. 事故发生在 5 点钟。2.存在，生存：Such plants don’t occur
here. 这些植物不能在这里生存。
【用法】1.表示“发生”“出现”时，是不及物动词，其后不带宾语，也不能用于被动语态：The accident
occurred late last night.
那个意外在昨晚深夜发生。2.表示某想法出现在某人脑海中或被某人想到，通常与介词 to 连用：A good idea
occurred to me. 我想到了一个好主意。
ocean[5EJFEn] n.(用单数)海洋，洋：the ocean floor
海底 / the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋
【用法】1.ocean 比 sea 大，但在美国英语中，常将 ocean 代替
sea。2.引申意义表示“许多”“大量”，通常用于 an ocean of 或 oceans of
这样的结构，其后接可数或不可数名词：oceans of flowers 许多花。
Oceania[7EJFI5eInIE] n.大洋洲
o’clock[E5klRk] ad.点钟：Lunch is at twelve
o’clock. 午饭在十二点正。 / I’ll meet you at 4 o’clock. 我将在4点钟和你见面。
October[Ck5tEJbE] n.[C,U]十月：The hot weather
extended into October. 热天气一直持续到 10 月。
of[Cv, Ev] prep.1.…的，属于…的：the wall
of the garden 花园的围墙 2.由…制成的，由…组成的：a dress of silk 丝质的连衣裙
3.在其中，…之中的一部分：the member of the team 该队的成员 / several of my
friends 我的几个朋友 4.(表示动宾关系)做…：Think of a number. 想到一个数字。/ the
shooting of animals 对动物的射击 5.与…有关联的：the results of the
experiment 实验的结果 6.以…为题的，有关…的：stories of adventure 冒险故事
7.具有…性质的：a woman of great charm
妩媚的女人&8.(和某些短语搭配)由于，因为：fear of the dark
off[Cf] adv.1.离开，离去：They got into the car
and drove off. 他们坐进汽车，然后开车走了。2.脱离，脱落：She took off her shoes.
她脱掉鞋子。3.关掉， 关上：Turn the light off. 把灯关掉。4.相距，隔着：The
town is still five miles off. 那小城尚在 5
英里以外。5.使不存在，使完成，使停止：The steak pie is off today.
今日牛肉饼停止供应。6.不工作，休息：I’m having a day off next week.
下星期我有一天假。prep.离开，脱离，(走)开：Keep off the grass.
勿践踏草地。
offend[E5fend] v.冒犯，犯过错：Her words offended
me. 她的话伤了我的感情。
offer[5CfE] vt.1.提供，建议：The job offers
plenty of opportunities for travel. 那份工作提供很多出差的机会。2.(与 to
连用)愿意，试图：She offers to help. 她愿意提供帮助。n.[C]提议，出价：an
offer of ￡100 出价 100 英镑
office[5CfIs] n.1.[C]办公室，办事处：She works in
an office. 她在办公室工作。2.[C]服务处：a ticket office 售票处 / a post
office 邮局
officer[5CfIsE] n.[C]军官，公务员，官员，警察，警官：the
officer in command 指挥官 / an air-force officer 空军军官
official[E5fIFl]
n.[C]官员，高级职员，公务员：government officials 政府官员 / an
official in the department of health 卫生部门的官员
adj.官方的，正式的：Is the news official?
这是官方消息吗?& &
often[5Cfn] adv.经常，通常：We often go there.
我们常到那里去。 / We often play football after school. 放学后我们常踢球。 how
often 隔多久：How often do you go home? 你多久回一次家?
oh[EJ] interj.哦，啊：Oh, sir! You forgot your
keys. 噢，先生！您忘了拿钥匙。
oil[CIl] n.1.[U]油，石油，润滑油：Your bicycle chain
needs a little oil. 你的自行车链条该加点润滑油了。2.[U]食用油：vegetable oil
OK[7EJ5keI]
adj.&adv.(口语)好(的)，对(的)，不错(的)：I hope
the children are OK. 我希望孩子们都好。/ I think I did OK in the exam.
我认为我考得不错。
old[EJld] adj.(older, elder,
eldest)1.年纪大的，年岁的：At fifteen years old he left school. 他 15
岁时就中学毕业了。/ He is only 30 but he looks older. 他只有 30
岁，但看起来要老一些。2.老的，旧的：old shoes 旧鞋子 / This carpet’s getting
rather old now. 这块地毯现在很旧了。3.以前的：An old student came back to
visit his teacher. 一个昔日的学生回来探望他的老师。4.早已了解的，熟悉的：an old friend
of mine 我的一位老朋友 / Don’t tell me the same old story again!
别再跟我说那个老故事了。
Olympic[E5lImpIk]
adj.&n.(the
Olympics)奥林匹克(的)：the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会
omelet, omelette[5CmlIt]
n.[C]煎蛋卷，煎蛋饼：Spanish omelet 西班牙煎蛋卷
on[Cn] prep.1.在…上：There is a list of our
lessons on the wall. 墙上有我们的课程表。2.朝，向：on my right 在我右边 /
march on London 向伦敦前进 3.关于：a lesson on history 历史课 / a talk
on science 有关科学的讲座 4.当…时候，在…时：on Monday 在星期一 / What are you
doing on your birthday? 你生日那天打算做什么？5.在…后，立即：on thinking the
matter over 仔细考虑这件事之后 6.以…方式，靠：I spoke to her on the phone.
我在电话中跟她说了话。/ They live on potatoes.
他们靠吃马铃薯生活。7.在…情况下，处于…状态：He went to Hong Kong on business.
他到香港出差去了。adv.1.继续着：They wanted the band to
play on. 他们要乐队接着演奏下去。2.更远地，再向前地：Time is getting on.
时间渐晚。3.开着地，处于工作状态中：Switch the radio on.
打开收音机。adj.1.开着的：Is the gas on?
煤气开着吗？2.发生着的，正在进行中的：A new film is now on. 现在正在上映一部新的电影。/ Is
the match still on? 比赛还在进行吗？
once[wQns] adv.1.一次，一回：I go to see a film
once a week. 我每周看一场电影。/ I’ve been there once.
我只去过那里一次。2.从前，曾经：This house was once the village school.
这座房子从前是村里的学校。/ She once knew him.
她以前认识他。conj.一旦，一…就…：Once he arrives we can start.
他一到我们就可以动身。■ all at once 突然，忽然：All at once she got up and
left the room. 她突然站起来离开了房间。/ at once 马上，立刻，同时：Do it at once.
马上做。/ once again 再一次 / once in a while 有时，间或，偶尔：Once
in a while, he goes with us to the movies on Saturday night.
他偶尔在星期六的晚上同我们一道去看电影。/ once more 再一次 / once upon a
【用法】用作连词，引导时间状语从句时，要注意从句要用一般现在时表示将来意义：Once you begin you must
continue. 你一旦开始, 便不可停下来。
adj.&n.1.一，一个：There is only one
biscuit left. 只剩下一块饼干了。2.其中一个：one of my friends 我的一个朋友
3.某一个：one Sunday 某一个星期日 / Come and have a cup of coffee one
evening. 请你随便哪个晚上过来喝杯咖啡。4.某一…，有一…：You’ll come to realize it
one day. 你总有一天会懂得这一点的。5.同一的，一致的：I’m one with you on this
subject. 在这个问题上我同你看法一致。6.唯一的：She is the one person I trust.
她是我唯一信赖的人。pron.1.某个人，某物：I haven’ can
you lend me one? 我没有书，你能借我一本吗? 2.任何人：One should do one’s
duty. 人人应该尽责。■one by one 一个一个地，依次地：Add the eggs one by one.
把鸡蛋一个一个地加进去。
【辨析】one 与 it：参见 it。
oneself[wQn5self] pron.自己，自身：One could
easily arrange it all oneself. 谁都可以自己安排好。/ One should not live for
oneself alone. 一个人不应只是为自己活着。
【用法】有时用作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态：I’m not quite myself these days.
我近来身体不太舒服。
onion[5QnjEn] n.[C,U]洋葱，洋葱头：a pound of
onions 一磅洋葱
only[5EJnlI] adv.1.只有，仅仅：She only likes pop
music. 她只喜欢流行音乐。/ Only a doctor can do that.
只有医生才能这样做。adj.唯一的：an only child 独生子女 / This is the
only dress we have in your size. 这是我们仅有的合你身的连衣裙。
【用法】“only + 状语(副词、介词短语、从句等)”放在句首时，其后句子要用倒装语序：Only in this way
can you do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。
onto[5CntJ] prep.到…上，在…上：He jumped onto the
horse. 他跳上马。/ The bottle fell onto the floor. 瓶子掉到地上。
open[5EJpEn] adj.1.开着的：The front door is
open. 前门是开着的。 2.开阔的，空旷的： Open spaces give the suburbs an
edge over the city. 宽阔空旷是郊区胜过城市之处。3.敞开的，露天的：There is an open
market in the village. 村里有一个露天市场。4.宽松的：His shirt is open at
the neck. 他衬衫的领口很宽松。5.尚无定论的，未解决的：Let’s leave the details
open. 我们暂时不就细节作最后决定。v.1.开，张开，开出：He opened the
door. 他把门打开。 2.打开，翻开：He hasn’t opened the letter yet.
他还没有拆开信呢。3.(常与 into, on to 连用)通向，朝向：This door opens into the
dining-room. 这扇门通往餐厅。4.(使)开幕，(使)开业：The shops usually open at
nine o’clock. 商店一般在 9 点钟开始营业。■ be open to 对…开放的，易受到，易招致
opening[5EJpEnIN] n.[C,U]开，开始，开头，开端：the
opening of a story 故事的开头 / the opening speech at the meeting
会议的开幕演说
opera[5CpErE] n.1.[C,U]歌剧，歌剧演出：I’m fond of
opera. 我喜爱歌剧。2.[C]歌剧院
operate[5CpEreIt] v.1.做手术：The doctor will
operate on her leg tomorrow. 医生明天给她的腿动手术。 2.操作，工作：Can you
operate this machine? 你会操作这台机器吗？3.起作用，生效：The new drug began
to operate not long after it was taken. 这种新药服用后不久就开始见效了。
operation[7CpE5reIFn] n.1.[U]操作，作业，工作：The
operation of a new machine can be hard to learn.
学习操作一台新机器可能有困难。2.[C]手术：She will perform an operation on the
patient at 4 o’clock. 她将在 4 点钟给病人动手术。
operator[5CpEreItE] n.[C]接线员，操作者：a
telephone operator 电话接线员
opinion[E5pInjEn] n.[C,U]意见，看法：What’s your
opinion of this wine? 你认为这酒怎么样？■ in one’s opinion
按某人的意见，据某人看来：The book was a waste of time, in my opinion.
我觉得看这本书纯属浪费时间。
opposite[5CpEzIt] adj.1.相反的，对立的：The two
buses went inone went south and the other went
north. 这两辆公共汽车朝相反的方向开，一辆向南，一辆向北。2.对面的，相对的：He stood on the
opposite side of the street. 他站在那条街的对面。prep.在…的对面：The
waitress stood opposite me. 那女服务站在我对面。n.[C]相反的人或物：My
view is the very opposite of his. 我意见正好和他的相反。
or[C:, E] conj.1.也不：He never smokes or
drinks. 他从不吸烟，也不喝酒。2.或，或者，还是：Tom or Jack is coming.
汤姆或杰克要来。3.(要)不然，否则：Go quick, or else you’ll miss the bus.
快走，否则你要赶不上公共汽车了。4.就是，或者说：We told the truth, or most of it.
我们说的是真话，或者说大部分都是真的。■or so 上下，左右，大约
oral[5C:rEl] adj.1.口头的，口语的：We’re having an
oral test in class this
week.&这个星期我们班有一次口试。2.口的，口服的：oral health
orange[5CrIndV] n.1.[C,U]橘子，橙子，橘子汁：Would
you like some orange? 你想喝点橙汁吗？2.[U]橙黄色，橘红色：a pale shade of
orange 淡橘红色 adj.橘色的，橙色的：a deep orange sunset
橘红色的落日
order[5C:dE] n.1.[C,U]次序，顺序：alphabetical
order 字母顺序 2.[U]秩序，治安：The young teacher can’t keep order in
his classroom. 那位年轻的教师无法维持课堂秩序。3.[C]命令，指示：Soldiers must obey
orders. 军人必须服从命令。4.[C]订购，订货单：Your order has arrived.
您的货已到。vt.1.命令，指挥：They ordered him to stop.
他们命令他停下。/ The judge ordered a recount of the ballots.
法官要求重新计算选票数。2.吩咐，嘱咐：The doctor ordered me to rest for a week
or two. 医生嘱咐我休息一两个星期。3.订购，预订：He ordered a glass of beer.
他叫了一杯啤酒。■ in order that 为了，目的在于… / in order
to&为了…起见，以便：In order to catch the train, she
hurried through her work. 为了赶火车，她匆匆做完了她的工作。/ in good order
有条不紊， 整齐，情况正常 / in order 按照顺序 / out of order
次序紊乱，(机器等)失灵，出故障
ordinary[5C:dEnrI] adj.普通的，平常的，平淡的：She was
in an ordinary dress. 她穿着平常的衣服。/ The novel describes the way of
life of the ordinary people there. 这部小说描写那里的普通人的生活方式。/ His speech
was just ordinary. 他的演讲很平淡。■&out of the
ordinary 不平常的，非凡的：Such a long delay is out of the ordinary.
耽搁这样长时间是少有的。
organize, organise[5C:^EnaIz]
vt.组织，构成，组成：I thought that meeting was badly
organized. 我认为会议组织得很糟糕。/ She organized the class into four groups.
她把全班分成 4 组。
organizer, organiser[5C:^EnaIzE]
n.[C]组织者
organization[7C:^EnaI5zeIFn]
n.1.[U]组织，构成：He was engaged in the organization of
the tennis club. 他忙着组建网球俱乐部。2.[C]团体，机构：This country is a
member of the United Nations Organization. 这个国家是联合国组织的成员国。
other[5QTE] adj.别的，其他的：There are other ways
to do this exercise. 做这个练习还可用别的方法。/ Have you any other book on this
subject? 你还有别的关于这个主题的书吗？pron.其他的人或物：There are two
girls. One is from London, and the other is from New York.
这里有两个女孩，一个是从伦敦来的，另一个来自纽约。■ other than 除了…，除…之外：There’s
nobody here other than me. 除了我这里没别人。/ each other 互相，彼此 /
none other than [no other than] 不是别的，正是
【用法】1.意为“其他的(人或物)”“别的(人或物)”，表特指时其前用定冠词，表泛指时其前不用冠词。2.other
与数词连用时，通常应放在数词之后，但若有定冠词修饰，则也可放在数词之前：He has written two other books.
他又写了两本书。3.other 与 all, some, any, every, no, the
以及物主代词等限定词连用时，应置于其后，其后若需再接名词，该名词根据情况可用单数或复数：I’ll treat you to lunch
some other day. 改天我请你吃午饭。
otherwise[5QTEwaIz] adv.1.不同地：You obviously
think otherwise. 显然你的想法不同。2.(在)其他方面：The soup was too salty,
but otherwise the meal was excellent.
这汤太咸了，除此之外，这顿饭好极了。3.conj.(在不同情况下)否则：Do what you have
been told, otherwise you’ll be punished. 照所吩咐的做，否则你将受罚。
ouch[aJtF] interj.(突然受痛时的叫声)哎哟
ought[C:t] v.aux.应该，应当：You ought to be
punctual. 你应该守时。/ You ought to work harder. 你应该更努力工作。
our[5aJE] pron.我们的(形容词性物主代词)：This is our
classroom. 这是我们的教室。
ours[5aJEz] pron.我们的(名词性物主代词)：This room is
ours. 这个房间是我们的。
ourselves[aJE5selvz]
pron.1.我们自己(we的反身代词)：We will do it ourselves.
我们自己会做的。2.我们亲自：We made dinner ourselves. 我们自己做晚餐。
out[aJt] adv.1.在(户)外，外面：Let’s go out for a
walk. 我们出去散散步吧。/ All yesterday he was out. 昨天他整天在外面。
2.离开，不在：They went out to Africa. 他们到非洲去了。
outdoors[7aJt5dC:z] adv.在户外，在野外：walking
outdoors for fresh air 走到户外呼吸新鲜空气
outer[5aJtE] adj.远离中心的，外面的：The outer walls
of the house were made of brick. 这座房子的外墙是砖砌的。
outside[7aJt5saId] n.[C]外部，外边，外界：The
outside of the house needs painting.
这房子的外部需要油漆。adj.1.外部的，外面的，外表的：The outside parts
of some fruit are not good to eat.
有些水果的外面部分不好吃。2.户外的，野外的：Outside workers need warm clothes in
winter. 冬天在户外工作的人需要暖和的衣服。adv.向外面，在外面：Come outside and
see my car. 出来看看我的汽车。prep.向…外，在…外：Don’t smoke here.
Please go outside the room. 这里不能抽烟，请到屋外抽吧。
over[5EJvE] adv.1.越过，溢出：The milk’s boiling
over! 牛奶煮得溢出来了。2.翻，颠倒，翻转：Turn the page over. 翻过这一页。/ She
knocked the vase over. 她碰倒了花瓶。3.完全地，从头到尾地：I have read it
over. 我曾读过一遍。4.横过，过来：Come and sit over here.
过来坐到这儿。5.再，重复地：We did the house over and bought new
furniture.
我们把房子重新布置了一番并买了新家具。prep.1.上方，在…上面：The lamp
hung over the table. 那盏灯悬挂在桌子上方。2.覆盖在…之上：Throw a sheet over
the bed. 在床上铺一条床单。3.跳过：go over the mountain 翻过那座山
4.横越，横跨：The ball rolled over the grass.
球滚过草地。5.在…那边，在…对面：He lives over the road.
他住在马路对面。6.遍及：They travelled (all) over Europe.
他们游遍了欧洲。7.多于，超过：He stayed in London for over a month.
他在伦敦呆了一个多月。8.在…期间：over the years 这些年来
【辨析】over 与 above：参见 above。
overcoat[5EJvEkEJt] n.[C]大衣：He wore a hat,
gloves and an overcoat. 他戴着帽子、手套，还穿着大衣。
own[EJn] adj.&
pron.属于自己(的)：That is my own book.
那是我自己的书。v.拥有，持有：Who owns this land? 这块土地是谁的？■ on
one’s own 独自，靠自己：She lives on her own. 她一个人过。
owner[5EJnE] n.[C]物主，所有人：Who is the owner
of this house? 谁是这房子的房主？
ox[Cks] n.(pl.
oxen)[C]牛，公牛：Oxen pull plows on many farms in the world.
世界上很多农场多用牛耕田。
pace[peIs] n.1.[C]一步，步幅：It takes 30 paces
to cover the distance. 这有30步的距离。 2.(用单数)步速：The child can go
at a good pace now. 这孩子现在能快速行走了。 3. (用单数)节奏，速度：After the
war, the pace of development slow down. 战后发展的步伐放慢了。
Pacific[pE5sIfIk] adj.太平洋的：the Pacific
Ocean 太平洋
pack[pAk] n.[C]包，背包：The soldier carried a
pack on his back. 这个军人背上背着一个小包。 v.包装：Pack them in
dozens. 把它们成打地包起来。■pack up 打好旅行用的行李：He packed up his things
and left. 他把行李打点好就走了。
package[5pAkIdV] n.1.[C]包，包袱，包裹：She sent
him a large package of books. 她寄给他一大包书。2.[C]一整套东西，一揽子交易：a
new software package 一套新的套装软件
packet[5pAkIt] n.1.[C]小包，包裹：a packet of
letters 一包信 2.[C]小盒：a packet of cigarettes 一盒香烟
3.[C]大笔款项：The house cost me a packet. 那栋房子花了我一大笔钱。
page[peIdV] n.1.[C]页，页码，版：The book has 120
pages. 这本书有 120 页。2.[C]一张(两面)：One page had been torn from
her diary. 她的日记有一页被撕掉了。
pain[peIn] n.1.[U]痛苦，悲痛：His disappearance
caused his parents a great deal of pain.
他的失踪使他的父母非常地悲痛。2.[C,U]痛，疼痛：I’ve got a terrible pain in my
back. 我的背很疼。
painful[5peInfEl] adj.令人疼痛的，令人痛苦的：My back
is so painful that I cannot stand up right any more.
我的背疼痛难忍，我现在甚至站不直了。
【说明】painful 的意思是“造成或引起痛苦的”，因此，主语不能是人，其主语往往是人体的某一部位。
paint[peInt] n.1.[U]油漆：The paint on the
wall is chipping off. 墙壁上的漆在剥落。2.(用复数)颜料：a box of paints
一盒颜料 v.1.给…上油漆：He painted the wall yellow.
他把墙漆成黄色。2.(用颜料等)绘，画：She painted the view from the hotel
window. 她画旅馆窗户外面的风景。
painter[5peIntE] n.[C]绘画者，(油)画家，油漆工
painting[5peIntIN]
n.1.[C]油画，水彩画&2.[U]绘画：After
retirement he took up painting. 退休后他开始学起了绘画。
pair[peE] n.[C]一双，一对，一副：a pair of shoes 一双鞋
/ a pair of gloves 一副手套 / a pair of glasses 一副眼镜 / The vases were
sold as a pair. 这两个花瓶是成对出售的。■ in pairs 成对地：The children
walked in pairs. 孩子们成对地走。
【用法】当 a pair of 或 pairs of 等接名词用作主语时，谓语动词一般应与 pair 的数保持一致：This
pair of trousers is new. 这条裤子是新的。/ These pairs of socks are cheap.
这几双袜子很便宜。
palace[5pAlIs] n.[C]宫，宫殿：the Children’s
Palace 少年宫 / the Summer Palace 颐和园 / the Palace Museum 故宫博物馆
pale[peIl] adj.1.苍白的，灰白的：He entered the
room, his face pale. 他走进屋来脸色苍白。 2.(颜色)暗淡的，浅的：The sky was
pale blue. 天空呈淡蓝色。
pan[pAn] n.[C]平底锅，锅：She fried the eggs in a
frying pan. 她在平底锅里煎鸡蛋。
panda[5pAndE] n.[C]熊猫，大熊猫：The giant panda
is a lovely animal. 大熊猫是一种可爱的动物。
pants[pAnts] n.(用复数)裤子：These pants are made
of cotton. 这些裤子是棉质的。
paper[5peIpE] n.1.[U]纸：a paper bag 纸袋子 /
All difficulties are also paper tigers.
一切困难也都是纸老虎。2.[C]报纸：It was in all the papers.
这事刊登在所有的报纸上。3.[C]试卷，考卷：Please hand in your papers now.
现在请把考卷交上来。4.[C]文章，论文，文件
【用法】paper 作“纸张”解时为不可数名词，作“报纸，考卷，论文”解时是可数名词：He wrote his name and
address on a slip of paper. 他把名字和地址写在一张纸条上。/ The teacher was
marking the papers. 教师在批改考卷。
paragraph[5pArE^rB:f] n.[C](文章的)段，段落：Begin
a new paragraph here. 从这里开始另起一段。
parcel[5pB:sl] n.[C]小包，包裹：I’m just going to
take this parcel to the post office. 我正要把这个包裹送到邮局去寄。
【辨析】parcel, package 与
packet：三者都指可以运送或邮寄的“包裹物件”，parcel 主要为英国用语，在美国英语中常用
package，而&packet 主要指按盒或按袋销售的物品的小包装。
pardon[5pB:dn] n.[C,U]原谅，饶恕：I ask your
pardon if I have offended you.
如有冒犯之处，请多多原谅。vt.1.原谅：Pardon me for
interrupting (you). 对不起打扰(你)了。2.饶恕，宽恕：His father pardoned
him his faults. 他的父亲宽恕了他的过错。■ pardon me 对不起，请原谅
【用法】用作动词时，表示“原谅”，通常是及物动词，其后除接名词或代词作宾语外，还接动名词(常带有逻辑主语)作宾语，但不接不定式作宾语：Pardon
my interrupting you. 请原谅我打断你的话。
parent[5peErEnt] n.(通常用复数)父(母)，双亲之一：Has Joe
met your parents yet? 乔见过你的父母吗？
【用法】1.因父母亲为两者，所以连用某些不定代词时可与 both, either, neither 连用，但不能与
all, any, none 连用。2.单数形式只表示“父亲”或“母亲”，要表示“父母双亲”须用复数形式
Paris[5pArIs] n.巴黎：Paris is the capital and
largest city of France. 巴黎是法国首都，也是其最大的城市。
park[pB:k] n.[C]公园：We went for a walk in
the park. 我们去公园散步了。v.停放(车辆)，停车：Don’t park the car in
this street. 不得在这条街上停车。
parking[5pB:kIN] n.1.[U]停车：No Parking!
禁止停车! 2.[U]停车处，停车区：There’s plenty of parking behind the
cinema. 影院后面有足够的停车场地。
parrot[5pArEt] n.[C]鹦鹉：The parrot picked
its seed. 那只鹦鹉啄食饲料。
part[pB:t] n.1.[C,U]部分，局部：Parts of this
town are beautiful. 这城镇的部分地区很美。2.[C]零件：spare parts for cars
汽车零配件 / Do you sell motor car parts? 你们出售摩托车配件吗?■take part
in 参加，参与：Everybody took part in the discussion. 人人都参与讨论。 /
for the most part 大部分，多半，通常：I enjoyed it for the most part.
大部分我都很喜欢。
【辨析】take part in, attend 与 join：参见 join。
particular[pE5tIkjJlE] adj.1.特别的，不寻常的：She
always took particular notice of me. 她总是特别注意我。2.独特的，特有的：I
remember his particular way of smiling. 我记得他特有的微笑。■ in
particular 特别，尤其：The whole meal was good but the wine in
particular was excellent. 整顿饭都很好，尤其是葡萄酒更好。
partly[5pB:tlI] adv.部分地，在一定程度上：I believe
what he has said is partly true. 我相信他刚才说的话一部分是真实的。
partner[5pB:tnE] n.1.[C]搭档，合作者：They have
been partners for years. 他们已是多年的搭档。2.[C]合伙人，股东：He’s a
partner in a law firm. 他是一家律师事务所的合伙人。3.[C]配偶：a life partner
part-time[7pB:t5taIm]
adj.&adv.兼职的(地)，部分时间的(地)：She works
part-time. 她部分时间工作。/ I took a part-time job on weekends.
周末我做兼职。
party[5pB:tI] n.1.[C]团体，群体：a party of
tourists 一群游客 2.[C]集会，聚会，宴会：I enjoyed myself very much at
the party. 我在聚会中玩得非常愉快。3.[C]政党，党派，党：a political party 政党
pass[pB:s]
v.1.传，递：Please pass me the salt. 请把盐递给我。
2.经过，通过：I hope you will pass the exam. 我希望你通过考试。
3.(时间)流逝，度过(时间)，消磨(时间)：Time passed quickly. 时间过得很快。
4.转让，传：On his death, the title passed to his eldest son.
他死后，爵位传给了长子。n.[C]免费券，通行证：You need a pass to get into
the building. 你要有出入证才能进这座楼。■pass by 漠视，不理会，走过：A coach passed
by just a moment ago. 一辆长途汽车刚开过去。/ pass down 传递：Folk tales
have been passed down from generation to generation. 民间故事代代相传。/
pass out 失去知觉，昏过去：I don’t remember any more because I passed
out at that point. 我不记得了，因为当时我晕倒了。
【用法】用作动词，表示“传递”，可跟双宾语，若双宾语易位，间接宾语前要用介词 to：Could you pass me that
newspaper?=Could you pass that newspaper to me? 你能把那份报纸递给我吗？
passage[5pAsIdV] n.1.[C]一节，一段：I knew the
passage she meant and found the page. 我知道她指的是哪一段，我找到了那一页。
2.[C]通道，走廊：Go along this passage to the library.
顺着这条通道可到图书馆。
passenger[5pAsIndVE] n.[C]旅客，乘客：There were
twenty passengers in the bus. 那辆公共汽车上有&20 名乘客。
passer-by[7pB:sE5baI] n.[C]过客，过路人：A
few passers-by saw the accident. 有几个过路人目睹了这次事故。
passive[5pAsIv] adj.消极的，被动的，不抵抗的
passport[5pB:spC:t] n.[C]护照
past[pB:st] adj.1.过去的，以前的，往昔的：In the past
years he lived a hard life. 在过去的几年中，他日子过得很苦。
n.[U](the)过去，往事，历史：Our school has a glorious past.
我们学校有光辉灿烂的历史。prep.在…之后，超过，经过：at half past six 在 6
点半&/ We drove past the house.
我们开车经过那所房子。adv.过，超过：I’ve just seen the bus go past.
我刚看见公交车过去。■ in the past 在过去：We’ve planted thousands of trees
in the past few years. 过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树。
path[pB:W] n.1.[C]小路，小道，小径：There was a
narrow path through the forest.
有一条穿过森林的小路。2.[C]途径，方式：Whichever path we choose, we’ll have
difficulties. 无论我们选择哪一条途径，我们都会遇到困难。
【用法】表示“小路”，引申为“道路”“途径”：Hard work is the path to success.
努力工作是通向成功之路。
【辨析】path, road 与 way：参见 road。
patience[5peIFns] n.[C]容忍，忍受，耐心：Do you have
the patience to do this job? 你有干这份工作的耐心吗？■ have no patience
with 对…不能容忍，对…没有耐性
patient[5peIFnt] adj.忍耐的，容忍的，耐心的：You need
to be patient with children. 对孩子你要有耐心。n.[C]病人，患者：The
doctor visited his patients in hospital. 医生在医院里探视他的病人。
pause[pC:z] n.[C]停顿，暂停，中止：After a brief
pause the speaker continued. 稍稍停顿一下后演讲者继续讲下去。
vi.中止，停顿：He paused for a moment, and then continued
his speech. 他停顿了一下，然后继续讲话。
pay[peI] v. (paid, paid) 给…报酬，付款：Have you
paid the servant? 佣人的工钱你付了吗？/ That company pays its employees every
two weeks. 那家公司每两个星期给员工发一次薪水。n. [U]工资，薪金：I get my pay
every Friday. 我每周五领薪水。■&pay for 付钱，支付：I
paid five dollars for this cake. 我花 5 美元买了这个蛋糕。 / pay back
偿还：How can I pay you back for all your kindness? 你的这番好意我该怎么报答呢？/
pay up 付清，还清(债务)：I’ll take you to court unless you pay up
immediately. 除非马上还清欠款，否则我将和你打官司。
PC[7pi:5si:] (= personal computer)
n.[C]个人电脑：I have a PC at home and one at the office.
我家里和办公室各有一台个人电脑。
PE[7pi:5i:] n.[U]体育：We should pay attention
to PE. 我们应该重视体育课。
pea[pi:] n.[C]豌豆：green peas 青豆
peace[pi:s] n.1.[U]和平，和平时期：peace talks 和平谈判
&2.[U]安宁，治安，安静，平静：All I want is some peace
and quiet. 我所需要的就是一点安宁和清静。3.[U]和解，和好，和睦：She had done it for
the sake of peace in the family. 她这么做是为了家庭的和睦。
peaceful[5pi:sfEl] adj.安静的，宁静的，安宁的
peach[pi:tF] n.[C]桃子：a peach tree 桃树
pear[peE] n.[C]梨子，梨树：She prefers pears to
apples. 她喜欢吃梨而不喜欢吃苹果。
pen[pen] n.[C]钢笔，笔：a pen friend 笔友 / The
contract must be signed with a pen, not a pencil.
这合同一定要用钢笔而不用铅笔签字。
pencil[5pensl] n.[C,U]铅笔，彩色铅笔：I didn’t have
a pen, so I used a pencil instead. 我没有钢笔，因此我就用铅笔了。
pencil-box[5penslbCks] n.[C]铅笔盒
penny[5penI] n.(pl.
pence)[C](英)便士，美分：There are 100 pence in a pound. 一英镑等于 100
people[5pi:pl] n.1.(复数)人，人们：I saw many
people at the dance. 我在舞会上见到了许多人。2.(复数)人民，平民，老百姓：He lived
for the people and died for the people.
他为人民而活，为人民而死。3.[C]种族，民族：the English-speaking people 说英语的民族 /
Europe is made up of many different peoples. 欧洲是由多个不同民族组成的。
【用法】1.表示“人”“人们”时，是集合名词，没有复数形式，但表示复数意义，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。2.表示“民族”时，是可数名词，其前可用不定冠词，也可有复数形式：The
peoples of the world are against the war. 世界各族人民都反对这场战争。
percent[pE5sent](= per cent)
adj.&adv.百分之…：a fifty percent
increase in price 价格上涨&50% / working twenty
percent harder 再多使二分劲儿 n.(常作单数)百分之…，百分点：More than 50
percent of the students wear glasses. 50% 以上的学生戴眼镜。
perfect[5p\:fIkt] adj.1.完美的，完善的：a perfect
life 美满的生活 2.理想的，美好的：She was the perfect actress for the
part. 她是这个角色的最佳人选。3.完全的，绝对的，全然的：a perfect fool 十足的傻瓜
【注意】本身已含有“最”“极端”的意思，故通常不用于比较等级，也不受副词 very 的修饰。
performance[pE5fC:mEns]
n.1.[C,U]表现，成绩，工作成果：He is excellent in the
performance of his duties. 他的工作表现极为突出。2.[U]性能，能力
3.[C]表演，扮演，演奏
performer[pE5fC:mE] n.[C]表演者，执行者，演奏者
perhaps[pE5hAps] adv.或许，可能：Perhaps I’ll see
him tomorrow, but I’m not sure. 也许我明天会见到他，不过我不能肯定。
period[5pIErIEd] n.1.[C]时期，时代：The long dry
period ended with heavy rain.
一场大雨结束了已持续很长时间的干旱。2.[C]一节(课)，一堂(课)：a history period
一堂历史课
permission[pE5mIFn] n.[U]允许，许可，同意：You must
ask permission if you want to leave early. 如果你想早走的话，必须得到允许。
permit[pE5mIt] v.允许，许可，准许：The rules of the
club do not permit smoking. 这个俱乐部规定不准吸烟。/ She won’t permit dogs in
the house. 她不准许家中有狗。
【用法】用作及物动词，表示“允许”“许可”，其后可接动名词或不定式的复合结构作宾语，但不能直接跟不定式作宾语：The
teacher didn’t permit us to swim in this river. 老师不允许我们在这条河里游泳。
person[5p\:sEn] n.[C]人：He’s a very
strange person. 他是个很奇怪的人物。/ A strange person is asking to see you.
有个陌生人想见你。■&in person 亲自；外貌上
personal[5p\:snE l]
adj.1.私人的，个人的：a personal letter 私人信件 / a
personal computer 个人电脑 2.亲自的，本人的：a personal appearance 亲自出面
/ The manager will give you his personal attention, Madam.
夫人，经理将亲自处理这件事。
persuade[pE5sweId] vt.1.劝说，使相信：I managed to
persuade him that it was not his fault.
我设法使他相信了这不是他的错。2.说服，劝诱：He persuaded her to go to school,
even though she did not want to. 即使她不想去上学，他还是说服她去了。
【用法】1.表示“说服某人做某事”，可用 persuade sb to do sth
或&persuade sb into doing sth：How can we persuade
him into joining us? 怎么才能说服他参加我们的活动呢？2.若表示“劝而不服或劝说不一定成功”时，应用
try to persuade 或 advise：I tried to persuade him to continue his
study, but I failed. 我尽力劝他继续学习，但没有成功。
pet[pet] n.1.[C]宠爱的动物：Do you keep a pet?
你养宠物吗？2.[C]宠爱的人：She’s the teacher’s pet. 她是老师的宠儿。
petrol[5petrEl] n.[U]石油，汽油
phone[fEJn] (= telephone) n.[C,U]电话，电话机：May
I use your phone? 我可以借你的电话用一下吗？/ You can book the tickets by phone.
你可通过电话订票。v.打电话，给…打电话：Phone me if you have any
questions. 你有问题的话可以打电话给我。■ on the phone (口)在打电话，在接电话 /
phone (sb) up 给(某人)打电话：I’ll phone them up now.
我现在给他们打电话。
photo[5fEJtEJ] (= photograph)
n.(pl. photos)[C]照片：Shall I take a
photo of the cathedral? 我可以拍一张大教堂的照片吗？
【用法】常与动词 take 连用，用于不同的句型会有不同的含义：I shall take a photo. 我将拍一张照片。/
I shall have a photo taken. 我将请人拍一张照片。
phrase[freIz] n.[C]词组，短语
physical[5fIzIkl] adj.1.物质的：The world is
physical. 世界是物质的。2.自然的，按自然法则的：physical laws 自然法则
3.身体的，肉体的 4.物理学的，物理的：physical change 物理变化
physician[fI5zIFn] n.[C]医生，内科医生
physicist[5fIzIsIst] n.[C]物理学家
physics[5fIzIks] n.[U]物理(学)：The laws of
physics are true throughout the universe. 物理学定律适用于整个宇宙。
pianist[5pIEnIst] n.[C]钢琴家
piano[pI5AnEJ] n.[C,U]钢琴，钢琴的演奏：She has two
pianos. 她有两部钢琴。/ She has played the piano since she was a child.
她从小就弹钢琴。
【用法】若表示钢琴这种具体的东西，是可数名词，若是表示钢琴演奏、钢琴理论、钢琴技巧等较为抽象的意义，则通常为不可数名词，其前一般用定冠词。
pick[pIk] v.1.选择，挑选：Only the best players
were picked to play in the match. 只有最佳的选手才被选去参加比赛。2.采，摘：She
picked some flowers from the garden. 她从花园里采摘了一些鲜花。3.窃取：He
had his pocket picked. 他被扒窃了。■ pick up
拿起，捡起；学会，获得；(用车)来接，去取；收拾；改善；感染(疾病等)：Pick up all your toys when
you’ve finished playing. 玩完后把所有玩具都收起来。
【辨析】pick, select 与 choose：参见 choose。
picnic[5pIknIk] n.[C]野餐：set up a picnic
组织一次野餐 / We had a picnic by the sea. 我们在海边搞了一次野餐。
picture[5pIktFE] n.1.[C]画，照片，图像，画面：Where
shall I hang this picture? 我把这张画挂在哪儿好呢？2.(用复数)电影，电影院：go to
the pictures 去看电影 / It won the award for The Best Picture.
它获得了最佳影片奖。
pie[paI] n.[C,U]西式馅饼，派：an apple pie 苹果派
piece[pi:s] n.[C]一块(片、张、件…)：He took a piece
of the cake. 他拿了一块蛋糕。/ This is a piece of paper. 这是一张纸。
pig[pI^] n.[C]猪：The farmer raises twenty
pigs. 那位农民养了20 头猪。
pile[paIl] n.1.[C]堆：A large pile of sand
blocked the pavement. 一大堆沙土阻塞了人行道。2.[C]大量，大数目，大堆：I’ve got
piles of work to do this evening. 今晚我有大量工作要做。
pill[pIl] n.[C]药丸，药片：Take the pills three
times a day after meals. 这些药丸每天吃三次，饭后吃。
pillow[5pIlEJ] n.[C]枕头
pilot[5paIlEt] n.[C]飞行员，飞机驾驶员
pin[pIn] n.[C]别针：A safety pin has a metal
covering over the pointed end. 安全别针在尖端有一个金属套。
pine[paIn] n.1.[C]松树：a pine needle 松树的针叶
pineapple[5paInApl] n.[C,U]菠萝，凤梨：pineapple
juice 菠萝汁
pink[pINk] n.[C,U]桃红色，粉红色
adj.粉红色的
pioneer[7paIE5nIE] n.1.[C]拓荒者，开辟者
2.[C]首创者
pipe[paIp] n.1.[C]管子，输送管：The water flows
along a pipe to our houses. 水沿着管道流到我们家。2.[C]烟斗
pity[5pItI] n.1.[U]怜悯，同情：She looked at him
with a mixture of pity and disgust.
她看着他，既同情又厌恶。2.[C]不幸的事，可惜的事：It was a pity that the weather
was so bad. 天气这样恶劣，真遗憾。/ It’s a pity that you have to go so soon.
真遗憾你这么快就得走了。■ have pity on sb 可怜某人&/ out
of pity 出于怜悯[同情]：He married her out of pity. 他出于同情与她结了婚。 /
take pity on sb 可怜某人
place[pleIs] n.1.[C]地方，地点：No
one can be in two places at once. 没有人能够同一时间身处两地。2.[C]住所：Come
round to my place this evening. 今晚请到我家来。 3.[C]座位：Go back to
your place. 回到你的位子上去。 4.[C]空地：Here is an empty place, put
the box here. 这里有个空地方，把箱子放在这里吧。 5.[C]名次：He got (the) first
place in a contest. 他比赛获第一名。 v.放，安置：She placed a book
on the table. 她把一本书放在桌子上。 2.发出(订单)，订(货)：We placed an order
with them for 500 pairs of shoes. 我们从他们那儿订购了 500 双鞋子。■ in
place 在通常的位置，在适当的位置：The chairs are all in place. 椅子都摆好了。/ in
place of 代替：Won’t you go in place of me? 你能代替我去吗? / out of
place 在错误的位置，在不适当的位置 / take place 发生，举行：The meeting will
take place next week. 会议将在下周举行。/ take the place of 代替，替代
plan[plAn] n.[C]计划，规划，策略：Do you have any
plans for the weekend? 你周末有什么安排吗？v.计划，打算：When do you
plan to take your holiday? 你打算什么时候休假？■ plan for 为…作计划，打算
【用法】表示“打算做某事”时，其后可接 to do sth 或 on doing sth：Our boss is
planning to retire at 50. 我们老板打算在 50 岁时退休。
plane[pleIn] n.[C]飞机：The plane made a safe
landing. 飞机安全着陆。
planet[5plAnIt] n.[C]行星：a superior planet
外行星 / Jupiter is the largest planet of our solar system.
木星是我们太阳系中最大的行星。
plant[plB:nt] n.1.[C]植物：All plants need
water and light. 所有的植物都需要水和阳光。2.[C]工厂：a power plant 发电厂
v.种，种植：Have you planted any vegetables yet?
你种蔬菜了吗？
plastic[5plAstIk] n.[C,U]塑料，塑胶：the use of
plastics in industry 塑料在工业中的应用 adj.可塑的，塑料的：the
plastic art of sculpture 雕塑艺术
【用法】用作名词，指“塑料”或“塑料制品”，通常用复数形式，作主语时，其谓语动词通常用复数形式。
plate[pleIt] n.1.[C]盘子，碟子：a plate of food
一盘食物 2.[C]牌照，招牌：a number [licence] plate 汽车牌照
platform[5plAtfC:m] n.1.[C]台，讲台：The
headmaster stood on a platform at one end of the hall.
校长站在大厅一端的讲台上。2.[C]月台，站台：Which is the platform for the London
train? 往伦敦去的火车在哪个站台?
play[pleI] v.1.玩，做(游戏)：The boys are playing
computer games. 孩子们正在玩电脑游戏。 2.扮演，演出，上演：A good movie is
playing tonight. 今晚有一部好影片要上映。3.演奏(乐器)，弹：The band is playing.
乐队在演奏。4.播放(音乐等)：Play this record when they enter.
当他们进来时请播放这张录音带。5.参加，参与：We used to play cards.
我们以前经常打牌。6.打(球)：He plays football.
他踢足球。n.1.[U]玩，游戏：The children were at play in
the yard. 孩子们在院子里玩耍。2.[C]剧，剧本：He has written a new TV play.
他写了一部新的电视剧。
【用法】后接乐器名词时，乐器名词前通常要用定冠词，后接球类运动名词时，不要用定冠词：He plays the piano
very well. 他钢琴弹得特别好。/ The boys are playing football. 男孩们正在踢足球。
player[5pleIE] n.[C]运动员，选手
playground[5pleIgraJnd] n.[C]操场，运动场，游乐场
pleasant[5pleznt] adj.1.令人愉快的，舒适的：We spent
a pleasant day in the country. 我们在乡下度过了愉快的一天。2.友善的，举止文雅的：Do
try to be more pleasant! 尽量亲切友好些！
please[pli:z] v. 1.使高兴，使喜欢，取悦：I was still
trying to please him. 我仍在设法让他高兴。 2.喜欢，愿意：Do what you please.
随你的便。 interj.(礼貌用语)请：A cup of tea, please. 请来一杯茶。
pleased[pli:zd] adj.满意的，高兴的，喜欢的：We are very
pleased with her decision. 我们对她的决定很满意。/ She was pleased with her
new room. 她对新房间颇为满意。
pleasure[5pleVE] n.1.[U]愉快，快乐，高兴：It gives
me pleasure to see you looking happy.
看到你一副快乐的样子我很高兴。2.[C,U]乐事，乐趣：It was a pleasure to do business
with you. 很高兴能和你做生意。■for pleasure 为了取乐，作为消遣 / with
pleasure 愉快地，高兴地 / It’s a pleasure.[My pleasure.]
不用谢，别客气。
plenty[5plentI] n.[U]充足，大量：I have plenty to
do. 我有许多事要做。in plenty 大量，充足，丰富：The farms have water in
plenty. 农场有充足的水。 plenty of 充足的，足够的，许多的：We have plenty of
food for the party today. 我们为今天的聚会准备了充足的食物。 in plenty
许多地，丰富地：We have time in plenty. 我们有充分的时间。
【用法】plenty of 意为“许多”“充分”，其后接可数名词或不可数名词，用作主语，谓语动词与其后名词的数保持一致。
pm, p.m.[7pi:5em] n.下午，午后：The gate
closes at 10 pm. 晚上 10 点关大门。
【用法】其意相当于 in the afternoon，所以不能再与 in the afternoon
连用，以免语义重复。另外，它与表示时间的数字连用时要置于数字之后，且此时习惯上不连用 o’clock。
pocket[5pCkIt] n.[C]衣袋，小袋：My keys are in my
coat pocket. 我的钥匙在外衣口袋里。
poem[5pEJIm] n.[C]诗，诗篇：He read the poem
aloud. 他高声朗诵那首诗。
poet[5pEJIt] n.[C]诗人：He’s something of a
poet. 他可以说是个诗人。
point[pCInt] n.1.[C]尖，尖端：the point of a
nail 钉尖 2.[C]想法，观点，意见：He explained his point by drawing a
diagram. 他画了张图解释他的想法。3.[C]场所，地点：Stop at this point.
停在此地。4.[C](时间的)点，时刻，瞬间：It was at that point that I saw him
leave. 正是在那个时候我看见他离开了。5.[C](比赛等的)分数，得分：We won by 5 points.
我们赢了 5 分。&v.(常与&to,
at&连用)指向，使对准：She pointed at a bird flying
overhead. 她指着头顶上空飞翔的一只鸟。■point out 指出，把注意力引向：He pointed out
my mistake to me. 他向我指出我的错误。
pole[pEJl] n.1.[C]杆，电线杆：a flag pole 旗杆
2.两极，极(点)：the North Pole 北极 / the South Pole 南极
police[pE5li:s] n.(视为复数)警察，警务人员：We must
inform the police. 我们必须通知警方。/ He was seen being taken away by the
police. 有人看见他被警察带走了。
【用法】表示总称，形式上是单数，但含义上为复数，用作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，其前通常可用定冠词：The police are
looking for him. 警方正在寻找他。
policeman[pE5li:smEn] n.(pl.
policemen)[C]警察，巡警：The policeman ran after the thief.
警察追捕窃贼。
policewoman[pE5li:s7wJmEn] n.
(pl. policewomen)[C]女警察
polite[pE5laIt] adj.有礼貌的，客气的：You should be
polite to everyone. 你应该对每个人都有礼貌。
【用法】表示对某人有礼貌，后接介词 to：He is very polite to others. 他对人很有礼貌。
political[pE5lItIkl] adj.1.政治的，政府行政上的
2.与政治有关的，党派政治的
politics[5pClItIks] n.[U]政治：Are you
interested in politics? 你对政治感兴趣吗?
pollution[pE5lu:Fn] n.[U]污染，污秽物
pond[pCnd] n.[C]池塘：a fish pond 养鱼池
pool[pu:l] n.1.[C]水坑，水塘 2.[C]游泳池：The
hotel has two outdoor pools. 这家旅馆有两个室外游泳池。
poor[pJE] adj.1.贫穷的：Most of these people
are poor. 这些人大部分都很贫困。2.劣质的，低于标准的，差的 3.体弱的，不健康的：poor
health 身体不佳 4.不幸的，可怜的：The poor old man had no one to talk
to. 那个可怜的老人找不到人跟他说话。
pop[pCp] n.[U]流行歌曲，通俗音乐
popular[5pCpjJlE] adj.1.流行的，通俗的：Both of
them like popular songs. 他们两人都喜欢流行歌曲。2.受大众喜爱的，受欢迎的：Once
printed, this dictionary will be very popular! 一旦出版，这本词典将会非常畅销！
【用法】表示受某人欢迎或讨某人喜欢，其后通常接介词 with 或 among。
population[7pCpjJ5leIFn] n.1.(用单数)人口：What
is the population of this city? 这个城市的人口是多少？2.[C]住在某一地区的人：The
population in these villages still uses well water.
住在这些乡村里的人依然饮用井水。
【用法】1.是集合名词，通常用单数形式。用作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式：The population of
our town is increasing. 我们镇的人口在增加。2.询问人口“有多少时”用句型 What’s the
population of…：What’s the population of Brazil?
巴西的人口是多少？3.其前不能用数词修饰，也不能与 many, few 之类的词连用，要说明人口数量多少时可用
large, small 等修饰：The population of this city is very large.
这个城市人口很多。
pork[pC:k] n.[U]猪肉：roast pork 烤猪肉
port[pC:t] n.[C,U]港口，码头
porter[5pC:tE] n.1.[C]搬运工
2.[C]守门人
position[pE5zIFn] n.1.[C,U]位置，方位：Can you
find our position on this map? 你能在这幅地图上找到我们的位置吗？2.[C]姿势，姿态：a
lying position 躺着的姿势 3.[C]处境，状况，情势：In the company’s present
position, they can’t afford to offer higher wages.
在公司目前的境况下，他们给不起更高的薪酬。
possibility[7pCsE5bIlEtI] n.1.[U]可能，可能性
2.[C]可能的事，可能发生的事
possible[5pCsEbl] adj.1.可能的：It is not
possible. 那是不可能的。 2.可以接受的，适当的
【用法】在“be possible (+ for sb) + 不定式”结构中，通常只能用 it
作形式主语，而不能是指人或指物的名词或代词：It is possible for us to win the match.
我们可能会赢得这场比赛。
possibly[5pCsEblI] adv.可能地，也许：I’ll do all I
possibly can. 我会做我可能做到的事。
post[pEJst] n.1.[U]邮政，邮寄，邮件：There was no
post for you. 今天没有你的邮件。2.[C]柱，桩，标杆：a goal post 球门柱
v.1.(常与 up 连用)贴出，张贴：The menu and prices are posted
outside the door. 菜单和价格贴在门外。2.(用布告等)宣布，公布，宣告：The ship was
posted missing. 该船宣告失踪。
postbox[5pEJstbCks] n.[C]邮箱
postcard[5pEJstkB:d] n.[C]明信片
postcode[5pEJstkEJd] n.[C](英)邮政编码
postman[5pEJstmEn] n.(pl.
postmen)[C]邮递员
pot[pCt] n.1.[C]锅，壶，瓶，罐：The flowers were
growing in pots. 这些花生长在花盆里。/ She made a pot of coffee. 她煮了一壶咖啡。
potato[pE5teItEJ]
n.(pl.potatoes)[C,U]土豆，马铃薯：Would you
like some more roast potatoes? 你需要再来一点烤马铃薯吗？
pound[paJnd] n.1.[C]磅(重量单位，合 0.454 千克)
2.[C]镑(货币单位)，英镑：She gave him 10 pounds for his help.
她付给他&10 英镑作为帮忙的酬金。
powder[5paJdE] n.1.[C,U]粉末，粉：milk powder 奶粉
/ They washed the clothes with soap powder.
他们用肥皂粉洗衣服。2.[U]火药
power[5paJE] n.1.[C,U]体能，能力：He has great
powers of observation. 他有很强的观察力。2.[U]力，力量：Knowledge is
power. 知识就是力量。3.[U]势力，影响力，权力：political power 政权 / Power
should be used wisely. 应明智运用权力。4.[U]电力，动力，功率：What is the
power of this engine? 这台发动机的功率是多少？
powerful[5paJEfl] adj.1.强有力的：powerful
arguments 强有力的论证 2.极大的，强烈的
practice[5prAktIs] n.1.[U]实行，实践：We must put
our plans into practice. 我们必须将计划付诸实行。2.[C,U]练习，熟练：Practice
will make you a good musician.
反复练习能使你成为优秀的音乐家。3.[C,U]惯例，常规，准则■ in practice 实际上，在实际中
/ out of practice 生疏的，荒废的
practise[5prAktIs] v.1.实行，实践
2.练习，实习：How many hours a day do you practise?
你每天练习多少个小时？3.开业，执业：He practices as a doctor in the city.
他在城里开业行医。
【注意】其后接名词或动名词作宾语，而不接不定式：practise throwing the ball into the net
练习投篮 / I practice playing the piano everyday. 我每天都练习弹钢琴。
praise[preIz] vt.赞美，赞扬，歌颂，赞颂：The painting
was highly praised. 这幅画倍受好评。n.[U]称赞，赞扬：He gave a
speech in praise of the school. 他在讲话中称赞了这所学校。/ He is worthy of our
praise. 他值得我们表扬。
prefer[prI5f\:] vt.(常与 to 连用)更喜欢，宁愿：Would
you prefer tea or coffee? 你喜欢喝茶还是咖啡? / I prefer standing. 我情愿站着。/ I
prefer to take the next train. 我宁愿坐下一班火车。
【用法】1.后可接不定式或动名词，也可接不定式的复合结构，接动名词表示一般情况，接不定式表示特定动作：I
prefer playing table tennis to running. 与跑步相比，我更喜欢打乒乓球。/ He
preferred her not to come. 他宁愿她不来。2.一般说来，would [should]
prefer 之后只能接不定式，而不接动名词，但是若与介词 to 连用，则要接动名词：I’d prefer playing
outdoors to watching TV. 我宁愿在外面玩也不愿看电视。3.prefer
已经含有比较的意思，不宜再与 more 或 most 连用。
preparation[7prepE5reIFn] n.[C,U]预备，准备：He
has never done enough preparations for his examinations.
他对考试从来不做好充分准备的。
prepare[prI5peE] v.准备，预备：Mother is
preparing us a meal.=Mother is preparing a meal for us.
母亲在给我们准备饭菜。/ Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.
存最好的希望，作最坏的准备。
present[5preznt] adj.1.出席的，到场的：How many
people were present at the meeting? 会议有多少人出席？2.现在的，现存的
3.(动词)现在时的 n.1.(用单数)现在：We must learn to live
in the present, not in the past.
我们必须学会活在现在，而不是活在过去。2.[C]礼物，礼品：He gave his mother a present.
他送给了他妈妈一份礼物。■ at present 现在，目前 / for the present
眼前，暂时
president[5prezIdEnt] n.1.[C]总统，国家主席
2.[C]会长，社长，大学校长，学院院长&3.[C]总裁，董事长
press[pres] v.1.压，按，推：He pressed the
doorbell. 他按了门铃。2.熨，熨平：I’ve pressed your trousers with the
iron. 我用熨斗熨了你的裤子。3.挤压，榨取：To make wine, first you must press
the grapes. 制葡萄酒首先要压榨葡萄。n.1.(连用the)新闻界，报界
2.[C]出版社：the University Press 大学出版社
pretty[5prItI] adj.漂亮的，迷人的，可爱的：His
girlfriend is very pretty. 他的女朋友很漂亮。adv.相当，颇：It was a
pretty serious accident. 这是一次相当严重的事故。
price[praIs] n.1.[C]价格，价钱：The price of that
house is high. 那座房子的价格很高。2.(用单数)代价：The question is whether
the price is worth paying. 问题是付出这样的代价是否值得。■at any price
不惜任何代价，无论如何：She wanted the job at any price. 她不惜任何代价想要得到那份工作。/
at the price of 以…的代价，以…的价格
【用法】1.形容价格的高低通常用 high 或 low 修饰，而不能用 expensive, cheap
等修饰。2.询问价钱的多少，可用 how much 或 what 提问，但搭配有所不同：How much is the
skirt? / What is the price of the skirt? / What [How much] does the
skirt cost? 这裙子多少钱?
pride[praId] n.1.[U]自豪，骄傲：She showed us her
new home with great pride. 她非常得意地给我们看她的新家。2.[U]自尊，自尊心
prison[5prIzn] n.[C,U]监狱，看守所：He was in
prison for ten years. 他在狱中呆了 10 年。/ She was sent to prison for two
years. 她曾入狱两年。
【注意】表示“入狱”“出狱”时，其前不用冠词，而在表示建筑物时，则可与冠词连用：He was in prison for two
years. 他入狱两年。/ My brother works in a prison. 我哥哥在一所监狱工作。
prisoner[5prIznE] n.[C]囚犯，犯人
prize[praIz] n.[C]奖赏，奖品：a prize cup 奖杯 /
the Nobel Prize for physics 诺贝尔物理学奖
【用法】1.表示“获奖”，一般用动词 win, gain, get, take, receive 等：Her
composition won the first prize in the contest.
她的作文在比赛中获得第一名。2.表示在某一方面得奖，常用介词 for：She received the Nobel
Prize for physics. 她获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。
probable[5prCbEbl] adj.很可能的，很有希望的，可能发生的：It
is probable that he has forgotten our appointment.
他很可能忘了我们的约会了。
【用法】1. be probable 不用人作主语，但可用事作主语：Colder
weather is probable. 更冷的天气是可能的。 2.其后一般不接不定式，如不说：We are
probable to have colder weather.
probably[5prCbEblI] adv.很可能，大概：Probably he
will pass the exam. 他很可能会通过考试。
problem[5prCblEm] n.[C]问题，难题：a key problem
一个关键问题 / We have to settle this problem. 我们必须解决这个问题。
【辨析】problem 与 question：problem 侧重指要解决的难题，question
侧重指要回答的问题或疑问。
professor[prE5fesE] n.[C]教授：a professor of
history at Oxford 牛津大学的历史学教授
programme, program[5prEJ^rAm]
n.1.[C]节目表，程序表 2.[C]节目：I watched a program
about farming. 我看了一个有关农业的节目。3.[C]计划，规划，方案：a health education
programme 健康教育计划 4.[C] (计)程序
project[5prCdVekt] n.[C]工程，计划，设计：a project
to build a new road 建一条新路的规划 / The new project is to build our own
swimming pool. 新的方案是建造我们自己的游泳池。
promise[5prCmIs] n.1.[C]诺言：He broke his
promise and did not come to see me.
他不遵守诺言，没来看我。2.[C,U]希望，展望：There seems to be little promise of
success for the expedition.
看来这次探险的成功希望不大。v.1.允诺，承诺，答应：She promised me her
help. 她答应过帮助我。2.预示，给予…希望：This year promises to be another
good one for harvests. 今年看来又是个丰收年。■ break one’s promise
违背诺言，违约：You should not break a promise. 你不应该违背诺言。/ keep one’s
promise 遵守诺言，守约
pronounce[prE5naJns] vt.发音：He pronounces
English badly. 他英语发音不好。
pronunciation[prE7nQnsI5eIFn]
n.[C,U]发音方法，发音：This word has two pronunciations.
这个词有两种读音。
proper[5prCpE] adj.1.正当的，适当的：at a proper
time 在适当的时候 2.合乎礼节的，合乎体统的：You aren’t wearing proper clothes
for this hot weather. 这么热的天气，你穿的衣服不合适。
properly[5prCpElI] adv.适当地，正确地：The TV
doesn’t work properly. 电视机出问题了。
protect[prE5tekt] vt.保护：He raised his arm
to protect his face. 他举起手臂护住脸部。
【用法】通常在其宾语后用介词 from 或 against，表示“保护…免遭”：Protect the baby’s eyes
from the sun. 保护婴儿的眼睛不要让太阳照射。
proud[praJd] adj.1.自尊的，自重的：He had been too
proud to ask for help. 他自尊心太强，不求助于人。2.骄傲的，自豪的，引以为荣的：She was
so proud of the son. 她是那么为儿子感到骄傲。
prove[pru:v] v.1.证明：The lawyer proved the
innocence of his client. 律师证明他的当事人是清白的。2.证实：My advice proved
to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。
provide[prE5vaId] v.提供，供应，供给：That hotel
provides good meals. 那家饭店提供上好的饭菜。
【用法】表示“为…提供…”，通常用 provide sth for sb 或&provide
sb with sth：They provide us with food.=They provide food for us.
他们供给我们食物。
province[5prCvIns] n.[C]省：Hunan Province
public[5pQblIk] adj.1.公众的，公共的：public safety
公共安全 2.公开的 3.国家的，政府的 n.(the)公众：The
gardens are open to the public. 花园对公众开放。■ in public
公开地，公然，当众：I do not want to speak about it in public. 我不想当众说这件事。
【用法】the public 用作主语时，谓语动词根据情况可用单数(视为整体)，也可用复数形式(考虑其个体)：The
public is [are] the best judge. 公众是最好的判断者。
publish[5pQblIF] vt.1.出版，发行：This company
publishes children’s books. 这个公司出版儿童书籍。2.公开，发表：He publishes
articles in various newspapers. 他在许多报纸上发表文章。
pull[pJl] v.1.拉，拖，牵：to pull the door open
把门拉开 2.伸展，拉伤，扭伤：He pulled the muscles in the leg.
他把腿部肌肉拉伤了。3.脱掉，拔掉：She spent the afternoon pulling weeds in
the garden. 她一下午都在花园里拔草。4.吸引：The football match pulled in
great crowds. 足球赛吸引了大批观众。n.[C]拉，拖，扯：He gave a pull on
the rope. 他拉了一下绳子。■pull on 快速穿上：I pulled on my jeans and ran
downstairs. 我飞快地穿上牛仔裤，跑下了楼。
pulse[pQls] n.[C]脉搏：She put her fingers on
my wrist to take my pulse. 她把手指放在我的手腕上测我的脉搏频率。
punish[5pQnIF] v.处罚，惩罚：The teacher punished
him for cheating on the exam. 老师因为他考试作弊而处罚他。
pupil[5pju:pl] n.[C](小)学生：The pupil noted
what the teacher said. 学生记下了老师的话。
purse[p\:s] n.[C]钱包，皮包：She dropped her
purse in the store. 她在商店丢失了钱包。
push[pJF] v.1.推，推动，推进：They pushed the door
open. 他们把门推开。n.[C]推，挤：She gave a hard push, and the
door opened. 她使劲一推，门开了。
put[pJt] vt.(put,
put)1.放，安置：Put the coat there. 把外衣搁在那里。/ I hope I’m not
putting you too much trouble. 我希望不会给你添太多的麻烦。 2.使处于(某种状态)：I
hate being put under so much pressure. 我讨厌承受如此大的压力。■put away
把…收拾好，放好 / put down 写下，记下，控制，平定 / put forward
提出，推荐：The minister put forward a plan to help the homeless.
大臣提出了一个计划，帮助无家可归的人。/ put off 延期，推迟 / put on
假装，增加，演出，上演 / put out 熄灭，扑灭：Please put out the light before
you go to bed. 上床之前请把灯关掉。/ put through 接通电话：Can you put me
through to this number? 你能给我接通这个电话号码吗? / put up 举起，抬起，张贴，公布
/ put up with 忍受，忍耐：That woman, as a housewife, has a lot to
put up with. 那个女人是个家庭主妇，她不得不忍受许多烦恼。
puzzle[5pQzl] n.1.[C]难题，难解之事：solve a puzzle
解决难题 2.[C]谜，测验智力的玩具(问题)：a crossword puzzle 纵横填字游戏
v.1.使困惑，使为难
puzzled[5pQzld] adj.迷惑的，困惑的：a puzzled
expression 困惑的表情
pyramid[5pIrEmId] n.[C](古埃及)金字塔
quality[5kwClEtI]
n.[C,U]质量：The food is of the highest quality.
这些食品的质量是最好的。
quantity[5kwCntEtI] n.[C,U]量，数量：I prefer
quality to quantity. 我重质量胜过重数量。■ a quantity of 一些 / in
(large) quantities 大量地，大批地
quarrel[5kwCrEl] n.[C]争论，争辩：He had a
quarrel with his wife. 他与他妻子吵架了。 v.争吵，争辩：Those
children are always quarrelling over little things.
那些孩子们总是为小事而争吵。
quarter[5kwC:tE] n.1.[C]四分之一，一刻钟：He stood
there for a quarter of an hour. 他在那儿站了一刻钟。 2.[C]一季，3 个月：You
get a gas bill every quarter. 煤气账单按季支付。
queen[kwi:n] n.[C]皇后，女王
question[5kwestFEn] n.1.[C]问题：I wish I
hadn’t asked that question. 我真希望我没问那个问题。2.[C]难题，待解决的事：It’s a
question of finding enough time. 问题是要争取更多的时间。
【辨析】question 与 problem：参见 problem。
queue[kju:] n.[C]行列，长队：We had to wait in a
queue for hours to get tickets.
我们要排队等候好几个小时才买得到票。v.(常与 up 连用)排队，排队等候：We queued for
the bus. 我们排队等公共汽车。■ jump the queue 不按次序排队，插队
quick[kwIk] adj.快的，敏捷的：He’s quick with his
hands. 他的双手很灵敏。adv.快地，敏捷地：He runs as quick as a deer.
他跑起来像鹿一样快。
【辨析】quick, fast 与
rapid：表示动作迅速，三者都可用。1.quick
通常表示某一动作来得突然或时间持续很短，有时还含有匆忙之意，但一般不指动作的频率：He ate a quick breakfast
and rushed off to work. 他匆匆吃了早餐就赶去上班。2.fast
侧重指速度快，一般用于询问速度或钟表走得快等： How fast is the fish swimming?
这鱼游得有多快？3.rapid 较另外两词稍正式些，通常指动作的突然性或急速：He made rapid
progress in English. 他在英语方面取得了很大的进步。
quickly[5kwIklI] adv.快速地，很快地：She walked
quickly out of the room. 她快步走出了房间。
quiet[5kwaIEt] adj.1.安静的，寂静的：a quiet night
宁静的夜晚 2.轻轻的，不出声的：His voice was quiet but firm.
他的说话声音很轻，但语调坚定。
quilt[kwIlt] n.[C]被子，被状物
quite[kwaIt] adv.1.完全地，全然地，十分地：That’s quite
another matter. 那完全是另外一回事。2.相当地，颇：I was feeling quite tired
after our walk. 我们步行之后我感觉相当累。■&not quite
不太：These shoes don’t quite fit. 这双鞋子不太合脚。
【用法】1.表示“颇”或“相当”，通常可用于修饰形容词、副词，也可修饰某些动词，但一般不用来修饰比较级：I’m
quite tired. 我相当累了。/ I quite like her. 我十分喜欢她。2.与“冠词 + 形容词 +
名词”连用时，通常置于冠词之前，有时也可放在冠词之后：He is quite a clever boy. [He is a quite
clever boy.] 他是一个相当聪明的男孩。
【辨析】quite, rather&与
fairly：1.fairly
语气最轻，一般与褒义词连用，含有肯定意味，通常意为“还算”“相当”：The book is fairly easy for us.
这本书对我们来讲挺容易的。2.quite 语气稍重，意为“颇”或“相当”：He speaks English quite
well. 他英语说得相当好。3.rather 在语气上又稍重一点，意为“十分”或“相当”，其可以与比较级和副词
too(太)连用：This one is rather too large. 这个稍大了一点。4.rather 和
quite 有时可直接修饰动词：I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你(的意见)。
quiz[kwIz] n.[C]测验，小考：We will have a quiz
in English tomorrow. 明天我们要进行英语测验。
rabbit[5rAbIt] n.1.[C]兔，家兔：a wild rabbit 野兔
2.[U]兔皮，兔肉
race[reIs] n.1.[C]速度竞赛，赛跑
2.[C]种族，人种：the white races 白种人 v.1.赛跑：I’ll
race you to that tree. 我们赛跑到那棵树。2.(使)迅速行进：We raced the sick
woman to hospital. 我们急忙把生病的妇人送到医院。
radio[5reIdIEJ] n.1.[U]无线电：a radio signal
无线电信号 2.[C]收音机：I heard about it on the radio.
关于这件事我是从收音机里听到的。■&by radio [over the radio]
通过无线电：He sent a message by radio. 他拍发了无线电报。/ on the radio
在广播，在播音：He decided to speak on the radio. 他决定发表广播讲话。
rag[rA^] n.[C,U]破布，抹布：He was clad in rags.
他穿着破衣服。
rail[reIl] n.1.[C]铁路，轨道：Trains run on two
rails. 火车在两条铁轨上奔驰。■by rail 通过铁路
railway[5reIlweI] n.[C]铁路，铁道：He works on
the railways. 他在铁路公司工作。
rain[reIn] n.1.[U]雨，雨水：People were standing
in the rain. 人们正站在雨中。2.(用复数)雨季：little rains 绵绵细雨
v.下雨，降雨：It rained last night. 昨晚下雨了。
【用法】表示“雨下得大”，用副词 heavily, hard 等修饰：It began to rain heavily.
开始下大雨了。/ It was a cold winter night and was raining hard.
那是个寒冬的夜晚，雨下得很大。
rainbow[5reInbEJ] n.[C]虹，彩虹
raincoat[5reInkEJt] n.[C]雨衣
rainfall[5reInfC:l] n.[C,U]一场雨，降雨量
rainy[5reInI] adj.下雨的，多雨的：rainy days
多雨的日子
raise[reIz] v.1.举起，抬起，拿起：Please raise your
hand. 请举手。2.增加，提高：He raised his voice. 他提高了嗓音。/ He raised
the price of the sugar. 他提高了糖价。3.饲养；种植：In New Zealand sheep
are raised for wool and meat. 新西兰人养羊以供羊肉及羊毛。4.唤起，唤醒：His long
absence raised a fear about his safety.
他久未露面，令人担心他是否平安。5.提出，提起：I would like to raise the subject of
money. 我想提出金钱方面的问题。
【用法】 raise
与&rise(举起，升起)：前者为及物动词，后者为不及物动词。比较：I can’t
raise the box. 我举不起这个箱子。/ The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
rapid[5rApId] adj.快的，迅速的：They pushed on at
a rapid pace. 他们快速向前推进。
【辨析】rapid, fast 与 quick：参见 quick。
rat[rAt] n.1.[C]老鼠：Rats carry disease.
老鼠传播疾病。
rather[5rB:TE] adv.1.稍微，有点，颇，相当：It rather
surprised me. 那事使我相当惊讶。2.宁可，宁愿：I’d rather play tennis than
swim. 我宁愿打网球，不愿游泳。3.更：This hotel is rather more expensive
than that one. 这家旅馆的收费比那家贵得多。■ would [had] rather… 宁愿…，倒愿意…
/ rather than 不是…，而是…：He saw his music as a hobby rather
than a career. 他把音乐看作业余爱好，而不是职业。
【用法】1.可修饰形容词或副词的比较级，修饰形容词时，放在不定冠词之前或之后(放在定冠词之后)：a rather
hot day [rather a hot day] 相当热的一天 / My brother is rather better
today. 我弟弟今天好多了。2.可与副词 too 连用。3. would rather
表示“宁愿”，后接动词原形，后接从句时，从句要用虚拟语气：I’d rather stay at home than go out.
我不想出去，我宁愿呆在家里。
【辨析】rather, fairly
与&quite：参见 quite。
reach[ri:tF] v.1.伸手：He reached his hand out
for the book I offered him. 他伸手接过我拿给他的书。2.延伸，伸展：The ladder
won’t reach the window. 梯子够不到窗户。3.到达：They reached London.
他们到达了伦敦。4.取得联系：She can always be reached at her office
during the day. 白天总能在办公室和她取得联系。5.达成，达到，获得：You’ll know better
when you reach my age.
你到了我这样的年纪就明白多了。n.[U]伸手可及之距离：The ball was out of
reach. 我够不着这个球。■ beyond [out of] one’s [the] reach
达不到的，力所不及的：The shelf is so high that it is well out of my reach.
架子太高，我根本够不着。/ within sb’s reach 在某人力所能及的范围内 / reach
for 伸出手去抓 / reach out 伸手拿
【辨析】reach, get 与 arrive：参见 arrive。
read[ri:d] v. (read,
read)1.读，阅读：He seldom reads in his free hours.
他业余时间很少看书。/ I read a good article in today’s paper.
我在今天的报纸上读到了一篇好文章。
ready[5redI] adj.1.准备好的：Give me a
call when you’re ready. 你准备好了就给我打电话。2.愿意的：He is always ready
enough to help us. 他随时都乐意来帮助我们。■ get ready 使…准备好 / be
ready for 准备做(某事)：When will the book be ready for publication?
这本书的出版何时能准备就绪？/ be ready to do sth 愿意做某事，乐意做某事：He’s always
ready to help others. 他总是乐于助人。
real[ri:l] adj.真实的，确实的，真正的：Is that your
real name? 那是你的真名吗？/ Real life is sometimes stranger than fiction.
现实生活有时比小说还离奇。
【辨析】real 与 true：均可指“真的”“真实的”，通常可互换。1.real
表示的“真”是相对想象、错觉、幻觉、伪造等而言的，是指现象与事实的一致性：This is a story of real life.
这是一个从真实生活中取材的故事。2.true 主要指符合特定的标准，还表示“忠实的”“正确的”意思：We need
true friends. 我们需要的是真正的朋友。
reality[rI5AlEtI] n.[U]现实，真实，实在：Your
observations do not seem to be about reality. 你的意见看上去并不实际。■ in
reality 事实上，实际上
realise, realize[5rIElaIz]
vt.1.认识到，领悟：She realized that he had been lying.
她明白了他一直在说谎。2.实现，实行：His dream of becoming a policeman was
realized. 他当警察的梦想实现了。
really[5rIElI] adv.1.真正地，到底，确实：We really
must be off. 我们真的必须得走了。2.非常：a really funny show 非常有趣的表演
reason[5ri:zn] n.1.[C,U]原因，理由，动机：What’s the
reason for his sadness? 他为什么忧伤？/ For this reason, I can’t come with
you. 因为这个原因，我不能和你一起去。2.[U]理性，理智，道理，判断力：People are different
from animals because they possess the power of reason.
人和动物不同，因为人有理性。
reasonable[5ri:znEbl]
adj.合理的，懂道理的，适度的：She’s perfectly reasonable in her
demands. 她的要求完全合乎情理。/ Bananas are quite reasonable this
week. 这星期香蕉价格适中。
receive[rI5si:v] v.接受，收到：I received an
invitation. 我收到了请帖。/ He was received as an honoured visitor.
他以贵宾的身份受到款待。
【辨析】receive 与 accept：参见 accept。
recent[5ri:sEnt] adj.近来的，最近的：In recent
years there have been many changes. 最近几年有了许多变化。
【注意】类似以下短语中，习惯上不用冠词：in recent years 最近几年 / in recent months
最近几个月 / in recent weeks 最近几周，等。
reception[rI5sepFn] n.1.[C,U]接待：I got a
friendly reception from them. 我受到他们友好的招待。2.[C]欢迎会，招待会：a
wedding reception 婚宴
recite[rI5saIt] v.1.背诵：Jenny recited the
poem she had selected. 珍妮朗诵了她选的那首诗。2.细述，列举
recognize, recognise[5rekE^naIz]
vt.1.认出：I recognized her by her red hat.
我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。/ The thieves’ car was badly damaged and easy to
recognize. 贼车被撞坏得很厉害，容易辨认出来。2.承认，认可：She recognized that she
had been partly to blame. 她承认应该承担部分责任。
recommend[7rekE5mend] vt.1.推荐，推举，介绍：I
cannot recommend the book too strongly.
无论我怎样竭力推荐这本书，也不嫌过分。2.劝告，忠告：I recommend you to wait.
我劝你等一等。
record[5rekC:d] n.1.[C,U]记录，记载：My teacher
keeps a record of my absences.
老师那里有我缺勤的记录。2.[C]唱片&[rI5kC:d]
vt.记录，记载：record past events 记录过去的事
recorder[rI5kC:dE] n.[C]录音机：a tape recorder
磁带录音机
recover[rI5kQvE] v.恢复，收回，取回：She recovered
consciousness in the ambulance. 她在救护车上恢复了知觉。/ I recovered the money
I had lost. 我找回了丢失的钱。
recycle[7ri:5saIkl] vt.回收，使循环再用：The glass
from bottles can be recycled. 瓶子的玻璃能回收利用。
red[red] adj.红色的：Her eyes were red with
weeping. 她哭得两眼通红。n.[C,U]红色：You mix red and yellow to
make orange. 把红色和黄色混合便可以调成橙色。
reduce[rI5dju:s] vt.减少，降低：She reduced her
weight by 5 kilograms. 她的体重减轻了5公斤。 / We have reduced expenses this
year. 今年我们压缩了开支。
refer[rI5f\:] v.■ refer to
提到，参考，查阅：She referred to the subject several times during her
speech. 她在讲话中多次提到这个话题。/ Let me just refer to my notes to find the
exact figure. 请让我查阅一下笔记本，找出准确的数字。
refrigerator[rI5frIdVEreItE] n.[C]冰箱：We
have a refrigerator in our kitchen. 我们厨房里有一台冰箱。
refusal[rI5fju:zl] n.[C,U]拒绝：I was angered
by his refusal to come to the party. 他拒绝来参加晚会，我很生气。
refuse[rI5fju:z] v.拒绝，不接受：He refused the
money. 他拒绝收钱。 / She refused to help me. 她不肯帮助我。
【用法】表示拒绝做某事，其后要接不定式，不能接动名词，也不能接不定式的复合结构。
regard[rI5^B:d] vt.1.看待，对待：I regard him as
my best friend. 我把他看作我最要好的朋友。2.凝望，注视
n.1.[U]尊重，尊敬：I hold her in the greatest
regard. 我很尊敬她。2.(用复数)致意，问候：Give my regards to your parents.
代我向你父母问好。
【用法】表示“把…看作”时，不要按汉语意思后接双宾语，要表示类似意思，需借助介词 as：My
mother still regards me as a child. 我母亲还把我当小孩看。 / I don’t regard
you as (being) dangerous. 我觉得你这个人并不危险。
region[5ri:dVEn] n.[C]地区，地域：forest regions
register[5redVIstE] n.1.[C]记录，名单：a register
of births and deaths 出生和死亡记录 2.[C]登记簿：a household register
户口登记簿 v.1.记录，登记：Newly arrived guests must register at
the hotel’s reception desk. 新来的客人必须在旅馆接待处登记。2.用挂号方式邮寄
regret[rI5^ret] v.遗憾，抱歉：I hope you won’t
regret your decision later.
我希望你以后不会后悔作出这个决定。n.[C,U]惋惜，遗憾：I feel no regret at her
absence. 她缺席，我并不遗憾。
【用法】1.表示对将要说的话感到“遗憾”或“抱歉”，其后接不定式(通常接 to say,
to tell, to inform 等)：I regret to say that I can’t help you.
很抱歉我不能帮助你。2.表示对已经发生的事感到“后悔”或“遗憾”，其后通常接动名词(可用一般式或完成式)，有时也接不定式的完成式：We
r