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求一篇智能照明控制方面英文文献
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09-06-11 & 发布
澳普智能绿色照明控制管理系统介绍行业应用背景:  中国城市每年用于公共照明的能源支出高达280多亿,节能空间巨大。其中路灯照明能耗占30%以上。发展城市道路照明的同时,路灯以供街道照明以外,还大力兴建了不少景观照明工程,美化城市的夜景,但同时也带来了能耗的极大浪费。2004年年底,建设部就路灯节能连续发文,明确提出:一是2006年底全面完成路灯节能改造,二是2008年底路灯节电率须达到目前的15%。 部分城市,如广州要求路灯节电率要求在30%。在今年的汶川大地震中。温家宝总理亲临现场,在谈到灾后重建工作时,对节能环保问题极为重视,对环保节能项目力争尽快完成。体现了对节能环保的重视,现在世界油价上涨,能源紧张 ,节能在现在显得更为重要。  澳普照明控制系统以科技、节能、环保和低费用为设计理念,为公共照明设备实现智能化的远程监控提供了全面、系统、稳定的解决方案。照明控制系统设备使用范围:  城市交通道路照明、高层建筑泛光照明、广场照明、远距离跨海桥梁照明、智能楼宇照明等。产品说明:  根据用户照明产品种类的不同,我们设计和开发了多种解决方案:  ① 单灯控制带切换功能模块(AP-RC1): 可单灯控制和功率切换。此产品适用于用户灯柱中有多个路灯和雾灯的情况,可控制单个或全部。  ② 单灯控制模块(AP-RC2): 单灯控制。此产品适用于用户产品已带功率转换功能的情况用此模块可以进行控制和功率转换。  ③ 单灯功率转换模块(AP-RC3): 单灯功率转换,此产品适用于用户产品现有功能不能改变功率,在不改变现有产品模块下安装此模块可以定时改变现有功率。  以上产品的设计与开发基本上已满足广大用户的不同需求,适合各种环境气候较为复杂的条件(如:海洋性气候)。抗腐蚀、耐高温严寒、防雷电等优点。系统组成:  智能照明控制系统由路灯控制中心设备、智能路灯控制器、智能终端控制器及操作系统、数据库和监控应用软件等组成。系统功能:  路灯和雾灯控制采用智能照明监控方式,每基路灯处安装一个智能终端控制器,分别控制路灯和雾灯;每个路灯段安装一台智能照明控制器,控制由监控中心通过通讯网络实现远程控制;智能照明监控系统具备如下功能:(1) 地理信息显示功能(2) 低压启动功能(3) 自动/人工调光功能(4) 定时控制功能(5) 即时控制功能(6) 气象联动功能(7) 雾灯调节功能(8) 灯具工作状况监测功能(9) 系统异常和故障报警功能(10) 统计分析与查询功能(11) 系统维护与管理功能工程分类介绍大桥照明: 隧道照明:随着高速公路的快速发展,山区的隧道、桥梁的急剧增加,照明控制对隧道、桥梁的交通安全有着不可估量的安全保障因素,随着世界性的能源紧张,我国用电缺口越来越大,温家宝总理反复强调绿色照明、节能减排的重要指示,并明确提出了节能目标。但目前在确保安全照明的同时还存在着建设投资、电能、耗材、运行管理成本的庞大开支,如何将照明节能实现温总理的重要指示,在保障交通安全又具有节能降耗,也能减少投资成本,又能灵活操作,使得运行管理单位具有开源节流、增加收益减少支出、降低施工难度等,是一个急需解决的实际问题。山区的隧道桥梁随着日照时间的变化和气温湿度的变化,光照度也随之变化,特别是春秋季节,山区的浓雾也是个不可忽视的问题,如何让照明能随光照、气候、洞口、中间段的变化,照明也能随之变化,以达到既保障交通安全,又节能降耗减少视觉黑洞效应,杜绝浪费的目的来合理解决这个问题,那么采用局域网加载波通信和单灯控制方案将是一个有效的方式。既能解决节能降耗,又能吻合传统设计模式,使得设计验收都能按规范进行。采用宁波澳普网络通信设备有限公司开发的智能单灯绿色照明控制系统,应用在隧道、桥梁等照明控制,能够有效解决投资期复杂和高难度施工的布线方式,也能有效降低运行成本,延长光源寿命,保障交通安全,减少黑洞效应,合理解决投资、运行、交通安全、设计验收的规范之间的矛盾,创造良好的经济效益和社会效益。智能单灯绿色照明控制系统可将不同作用的光源在同一条回路上实现单点单控,分组控制和一点多控;在同一条回路上或同一灯柱上的光源可根据需要任意编组,以满足不同的需求,切实有效地做到符合设计规范的新型节能产品,实现少投资高节能、操作灵活、延长光源寿命、保障交通安全、减少维护成本的经济效益和社会效益。城市照明:
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智能照明控制系统  保瓦博士DL系列智能照明控制系统,利用先进电磁调压及电子感应技术,对供电进行实时监控与跟踪,自动平滑地调节电路的电压和电流幅度,改善照明电路中不平衡负荷所带来的额外功耗,提高功率因素,降低灯具和线路的工作温度,从而达到优化供电目的。“保瓦博士”智能照明控制系统在确保灯具能够正常工作的条件下,给灯具输出一个最佳的照明功率,智能照明控制系统既可减少由于过压所造成的照明眩光,使灯光所发出的光线更加柔和,照明分布更加均匀,又可大幅度节省电能,智能照明控制系统节电率可达20%-40%。智能照明控制系统它可在照明及混合电路中使用,适应性强,能在各种恶劣的电网环境和复杂的负载情况下连续稳定地工作,同时还将有效地延长灯具寿命和减少维护成本。  针对不同的工作场合,保瓦博士(DR. LIGHT)智能照明控制系统,分为单相和三相两种类型。  智能照明控制系统节电原理:   中国各地电压高低参差不齐,因此各类灯具在设计时,为了满足其自身在不同情况下均能正常启动与发光,其设计电压一般低于标准相电压220V;而电力系统为方便电能输送往往提高输送电压,造成照明灯具实际工作电压偏高。这些超额的电压不仅不能让灯具更有效率地工作,还存在两大负面影响:浪费电能与缩短灯具寿命。  __--- 针对现有照明电路这个致命缺陷,保瓦博士DL系列智能照明节电控制系统是以电磁感应方式将供电系统的输入电压予以优化,采用AC-AC直接变换技术调整电压,输给照明负载的电压为灯具设计电压的最佳值,这样既节省用电,智能照明控制系统又延长灯具的寿命,同时也保证了照明标准要求的三重目的。  __--- 根据电工基本原理P=U2/R,设灯具上施加的电压为U,灯光的阻抗设为定值电阻R,那么它在原电压U0下消耗的功率为P0,适当降低电压至U1后,这时消耗的功率P1将随电压的平方关系下降。其有功节电率表示为:  __--- ε% = 1- (U1 /U0) 2 × 100%  __---就荧光灯管而言,仅在启动时需要足够的额定电压激发荧光物质,使灯管发光。在预置时间内,智能照明控制系统感应到灯管的功率已完全发挥后,即自动调整负载电压,灯管便可转入节电模式工作,智能照明节电控制系统同时进入自动在线检测状态。根据大量实验结果表明,电源电压每降低10%时,荧光灯照度只降低7%左右,而人眼对光线的感觉则是对数关系:即当光线照度减小10%,人的视觉感觉亮度只减小1%,因此合理减少灯具输入功率所产生的照度微弱变化人眼几乎感觉不到,智能照明控制系统在延长灯具寿命和减少维护成本上都具有积极意义。  保瓦生产的智能照明控制系统一系列的产品有:DL系列智能照明控制系统,NE系列智能照明控制系统,PL系列智能照明控制系统,SLC系列智能照明控制系统,PT系列智能照明控制系统。
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摘要: 采用智能照明控制系统的主要目的是节约能源,智能照明控制系统借助各种不同的&预设置&控制方式和控制元件,对不同时间不同环境的光照度进行精确设置和合理管理,实现节能。这种自动调节照度的方式,充分利用室外的自然光,只有当必需时才把灯点亮或点到要求的亮度,利用最少的能源保证所要求的照度水平,节电效果十分明显,一般可达30%以上。        关键词:智能照明 控制系统 总线式 星形结构
       1 采用智能照明控制系统的优越性
       1.1 良好的节能效果        采用智能照明控制系统的主要目的是节约能源,智能照明控制系统借助各种不同的&预设置&控制方式和控制元件,对不同时间不同环境的光照度进行精确设置和合理管理,实现节能。这种自动调节照度的方式,充分利用室外的自然光,只有当必需时才把灯点亮或点到要求的亮度,利用最少的能源保证所要求的照度水平,节电效果十分明显,一般可达30%以上。此外,智能照明控制系统中对荧光灯等进行调光控制,由于荧光灯采用了有源滤波技术的可调光电子镇流器,降低了谐波的含量,提高了功率因数,降低了低压无功损耗。        1.2 延长光源的寿命        延长光源寿命不仅可以节省大量资金,而且大大减少更换灯管的工作量,降低了照明系统的运行费用,管理维护也变得简单了。        无论是热辐射光源,还是气体放电光源,电网电压的波动是光源损坏的一个主要原因。因此,有效地抑制电网电压的波动可以延长光源的寿命。        智能照明控制系统能成功地抑制电网的浪涌电压,同时还具备了电压限定和轭流滤波等功能,避免过电压和欠电压对光源的损害。采用软启动和软关断技术,避免了冲击电流对光源的损害。通过上述方法,光源的寿命通常可延长2~4倍。        1.3 改善工作环境,提高工作效率        良好的工作环境是提高工作效率的一个必要条件。良好的设计,合理地选用光源、灯具及优良的照明控制系统,都能提高照明质量。        智能照明控制系统以调光模块控制面板代替传统的平开关控制灯具,可以有效地控制各房间内整体的照度值,从而提高照度均匀性。同时,这种控制方式内所采用的电气元件也解决了频闪效应,不会使人产生不舒适、头昏脑胀、眼睛疲劳的感觉。        1.4 实现多种照明效果        多种照明控制方式,可以使同一建筑物具备多种艺术效果,为建筑增色不少。现代建筑物中,照明不单纯地为满足人们视觉上的明暗效果,更应具备多种的控制方案,使建筑物更加生动,艺术性更强,给人丰富的视觉效果和美感。以某工程为例,建筑物内的展厅、报告厅、大堂、中庭等,如果配以智能照明控制系统,按其不同时间、不同用途、不同的效果,采用相应的预设置场景进行控制,可以达到丰富的艺术效果。    
   1.5 管理维护方便        智能照明控制系统对照明的控制是以模块式的自动控制为主,手动控制为辅,照明预置场景的参数以数字式存储在EPROM中,这些信息的设置和更换十分方便,使大楼的照明管理和设备维护变得更加简单。        1.6 有较高的经济回报率        我们以上海地区为参照点,仅从节电和省灯这两项做过一个估算,得出这样一个结论:用三至五年的时间,业主就可基本收回智能照明控制系统所增加的全部费用。而智能照明控制系统可改善环境,提高员工工作效率以及减少维修和管理费用等,也为业主节省下一笔可观的费用。        2 智能照明控制系统的构成        我们知道,智能照明控制系统仅仅是大楼控制系统中的一个部分。如果要将各个控制系统都集中到控制中心去控制,那么各个控制系统就必须具备标准通信接口和协议文本。虽然这样的系统集成在理论上是可行的,但真正实行起来却十分困难。因而,在工程中,我们的楼宇智能管理系统采用了分布式、集散型方式,即各个控制子系统相对独立,自成一体,实施具体的控制,楼宇智能管理系统对各控制子系统相对独立,自成一体,实施具体的控制,楼宇智能管理系统对各控制子系统只是起一个信号收集和监测作用。        目前,智能照明控制系统按网络的拓扑结构分,大致有以下两种形式,即总线式和以星形结构为主的混合式。这两种形式各有特色,总线式灵活性较强一些,易于扩充,控制相对独立,成本较低;混合式可靠性较高一些,故障的诊断和排除简单,存取协议简单,传输速率较高。        工程设计中,我们考虑大楼的智能照明控制系统作为一个独立的子系统,采用国际标准的通信接口和协议文本,纳入楼宇智能管理系统。智能照明控制系统采用分布式、集散型方式,即各单元的调光控制相对独立,自成一体,互不干扰,通过集中管理器和信息接口,与楼宇智能管理系统相连接,实现大楼控制中心对该子系统的信号收集和监测。总之,智能照明控制主系统应是一个由集中管理器、主干线和信息接口等元件构成的,对各区域实施相同的控制和信号采样的网络;其子系统应是一个由各类调光模块、控制面板、照度动态检测器及动静探测器等元件构成的,对各区域分别实施不同的具体控制的网络,主系统和子系统之间通过信息接口等元件来连接,实现数据的传输。    
   3 智能照明控制系统的控制范围和控制内容        某工程中采用智能照明控制系统控制的范围主要包括以下几类:工艺办公大厅、计算机中心等重要机房、报告厅等多功能厅、展厅、会议中心、门厅和中庭、走道和电梯厅等公用部位;大楼的总体和立面照明也由智能照明控制系统提供开关信号进行控制。        控制内容名词释义:        (1)时钟控制        通过时钟管理器等电气元件,实现对各区域内用于正常工作状态的照明灯具时间上的不同控制。        (2)照度自动调节控制        通过每个调光模块和照度动态检测器等电气元件,实现在正常状态下对各区域内用于正常工作状态的照明灯具的自动调光控制,使该区域内的照度不会随日照等外界因素的变化而改变,始终维持在照度预设值左右。        (3)区域场景控制        通过每个调光模块和控制面板等电气元件,实现在正常状态下对各区域内用于正常工作状态的照明灯具的场景切换控制。        (4)动静探测控制        通过每个调光模块和动静探测器等电气元件,实现在正常状态下对各区域内用于正常工作状态的照明灯具的自动开关控制。        (5)应急状态减量控制        通过每个对正常照明控制的调光模块等电气元件,实现在应急状态下对各区内用于正常工作状态的照明灯具减免数量和放弃调光等控制。    
   (6)手动遥控器控制        通过红外线遥控器,实现在正常状态下对各区域内用于正常工作状态的照明灯具的手动控制和区域场景控制。    
   (7)应急照明的控制        这里的控制主要是指智能照明控制系统对特殊区域内的应急照明所执行的控制,包含以下两项控制:        1) 正常状态下的自动调节照度和区域场景控制同调节正常工作照明灯具的控制方式相同。        2) 应急状态下的自动解除调光控制,通过每个对应急照明控制的调光模块等电气元件,实现在应急状态下对各区域内用于应急工作状态的照明灯具放弃调光等控制,使处于事故状态的应急照明达到100%。        以上是对智能照明控制系统特点的分析和在某办公大楼中具体应用的一些体会,希望能起到抛砖引玉的作用,让该项技术在照明领域中充分发挥其作用。        
   ■ 含有该项控制;        ▲ 部分区域含有该项控制,视具体情况而定。 Abstract: Intelligent lighting control system the main aim is to save energy, smart lighting control system with a variety of &pre-set& control mode and control components, at different times on different degrees of illumination for accurate set-up and rational management of energy-saving. This automatic adjustment of the illumination means, take full advantage of the natural outdoor light, only when necessary when the lamp or light to the required brightness, use the least energy to ensure that the required illumination level, energy-saving effect is very clear, usually ranging from more than 30%.
   
    Keywords: Intelligent lighting control system bus-type star-shaped structure
   
    1 the use of intelligent lighting control system for the superiority of
   
    1.1 good energy saving effect
   
    Intelligent lighting control system using the main purpose is to save energy, smart lighting control system with a variety of &pre-set& control mode and control components, at different times on different degrees of illumination for accurate set-up and rational management of energy-saving. This automatic adjustment of the illumination means, take full advantage of the natural outdoor light, only when necessary when the lamp or light to the required brightness, use the least energy to ensure that the required illumination level, energy-saving effect is very clear, usually ranging from more than 30%. In addition, the intelligent lighting control system for fluorescent lamp dimming control, etc., due to the use of a fluorescent active tunable filter electronic ballast technology and reduce the harmonic content, to improve the power factor and reduce the low-voltage reactive power loss.
   
    1.2 to extend the life span of light source
   
    Light source can not only extend the life savings, but also significantly reduce the workload of lamp replacement, reducing the operating costs of lighting systems, management and maintenance becomes simple.
   
    Both the thermal radiation source, or gas discharge light source, voltage fluctuations are a major cause of light damage. Therefore, the effective suppression of the fluctuations in voltage can extend the life of light sources.
   
    Intelligent lighting control system can successfully suppress the surge voltage power grid, but also have a voltage limit and the conjugate stream functions of filtering, to avoid over-voltage and under-voltage damage to the light. The use of soft-start and soft turn-off technology, to avoid the impact of current damage to the light. Through this method, the light source to extend the life span of usually 2 to 4 times.
   
    1.3 to improve the working environment, improve efficiency
   
    Good working environment is to improve the efficiency of a necessary condition. Good design and reasonable choice of light source, lamps and lighting quality control systems, can improve the quality of lighting.
   
    Intelligent lighting control system dimming control panel module to replace the traditional lighting of the level switch control is an effective way to control the overall room illumination value, thereby enhancing the uniformity of illumination. At the same time, this control method used in electrical components have also solved the stroboscopic effect, will not create uncomfortable, confused, feeling eyestrain.
   
    1.4 to achieve a variety of lighting effects
   
    A wide range of lighting control, the same building can have a variety of artistic effect, for a lot of construction hyperchromic. Modern buildings, lighting is not simply to meet people on the visual effect of light and shade, they should have control of a variety of programs to make buildings more vivid, more artistic, giving a wealth of visual effects and aesthetics. As an example of a project, building the exhibition hall, lecture hall, lobby, atrium, etc., if with intelligent lighting control system, according to different times, different uses, different effects, using the corresponding pre-set scene control, can achieve the wealth of artistic effect.
          1.5 facilitate the management of maintenance
   
    Intelligent lighting control system for the control of lighting based on the automatic control of modular-based, supplemented by manual control, preset lighting scenes to the parameters stored in the EPROM Digital, these information is very convenient to set up and replaced, so that building lighting management and maintenance easier.
   
    1.6 have a high economic rate of return
   
    Our reference point for the Shanghai region, from energy-saving lights and provincial estimates of the two made a come to this conclusion: with three to five years, the owner can recover the basic intelligent lighting control system to increase the total costs. Intelligent lighting control system can improve the environment and improve employee productivity and reduce maintenance and management costs, but also for the owners to save a substantial amount of costs.
   
    2 intelligent lighting control system components
   
    We know that the intelligent lighting control system of building control system is only one part of the. If you want to focus on the various control systems to the control center to control, then the control system must have the standard communication interface and protocol version. Although such a system integration is feasible in theory, but it is very difficult to put into practice. Thus, in engineering, intelligent management of our building a distributed system, distributed, that is relatively independent of each control subsystem, self-contained, the implementation of specific control, intelligent building management system control subsystem of the relative independence, self-contained, the implementation of specific control, intelligent building management system from the control subsystem is a signal collection and monitoring role.
   
    At present, the intelligent lighting control system in accordance with sub-network topology, the following two forms, namely, bus and star-shaped structure-based hybrid. Both forms have the characteristics of a number of bus more flexibility, easy expansion, control of relative independence, mixed some high reliability, fault diagnosis and rule out the simple, easy access to the agreement, transfer rate higher.
   
    Engineering design, we consider the building of intelligent lighting control system as an independent subsystem, use of international standards and agreements of the communication interface text, into the intelligent building management systems. Intelligent lighting control system uses a distributed, distribution-based approach, that is, the dimming control unit is relatively independent, self-contained, non-interfering, through centralized management and information interfaces, and intelligent building management system linked to the achievement of the building control center subsystem of the collection and monitoring of the signal. In short, the intelligent lighting control should be the main system is a centralized management, and the main trunk and information interface components consisting of the regional implementation of the same sample of control its subsystems should be a dimmer by the various types of modules , control panels, illumination detector dynamic and static and dynamic components consisting of detectors, respectively, of the regional implementation of the specific control of different networks, the main system and subsystems, such as between the components through the interface to connect, to achieve data transmission.
          3 Intelligent lighting control system and control of the control of the content
   
    A project to control the use of intelligent lighting control system include the following categories: technology office hall, computer center and other important room, lecture hall, such as multi-function hall, exhibition hall, conference center, lobby and courtyard, walkways and elevators, such as the Office of P building facade lighting in general and also by the intelligent lighting control systems to control switch signal.
   
    Control the content of the term of the Interpretation:
   
    (1) clock control
   
    Clock management, etc. through the electrical components, to achieve the normal work of regions for the state of lighting in different time control.
   
    (2) the automatic adjustment control illumination
   
    Through each module and illumination dimming dynamic electrical components such as detectors, to achieve under normal conditions in the regions for the normal work of the state of the automatic lighting dimming control, making the region, such as illumination will not be outside with the sunshine factors change, and always maintain the default value in the illumination around.
   
    (3) control of the regional scene
   
    Through each dimmer module and the control panel and other electrical components, to achieve under normal conditions in the regions for the normal work of the state of the scene lighting control switch.
   
    (4) static and dynamic detection of control
   
    Through each dimming modules and electrical components, such as movement detectors, to achieve under normal conditions in the regions for the normal work of the state of the automatic lighting control switch.
   
    (5) Reduction state of emergency control
   
    Through each of the normal lighting control module, such as dimming of the electrical components, to achieve a state of emergency for the normal work of the various districts in the state of lighting and to give up the number of relief, such as dimming control.
          (6) Manual remote control
   
    Through the infra-red remote control, to achieve under normal conditions in the regions for the normal work of the state of lighting control and manual control of the regional scene.
          (7) Emergency lighting control
   
    Here mainly refers to the control of intelligent lighting control system to the special region by the implementation of the emergency lighting control, including the following two controls:
   
    1) under normal illumination and the automatic adjustment control of the regional scene with the regulation of the normal work of lighting the same manner as the control.
   
    2) a state of emergency automatic discharge dimming control, through each of the emergency lighting dimming control module, such as electrical components, to achieve a state of emergency for the regions under a state of emergency lighting dimmers, such as giving up control, so that the accident in the state of emergency lighting to reach 100%.
   
    These are the characteristics of intelligent lighting control systems analysis and office buildings in a specific application in a number of experiences, hoping to play the role of forward, so that the field of technology in the lighting to fully play its role.
   
          ■
   
    ▲ part contains the control region, as the case may be.
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