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你可能喜欢Ecological stoichiometry:the biology of elements from molecules to the biosphere这本书的影印版您知道那里有么?_百度作业帮
Ecological stoichiometry:the biology of elements from molecules to the biosphere这本书的影印版您知道那里有么?
Ecological stoichiometry:the biology of elements from molecules to the biosphere这本书的影印版您知道那里有么?
卖的不多,近300大元呢,图书馆有影印的
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WYATT F. CROSS1, JONATHAN P. BENSTEAD2, PAUL C. FROST3 andSTEVEN A. THOMAS4DOI:&10.1111/j.05.01458.x
Freshwater Biology pages , Author Information1
Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, U.S.A.2
The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, U.S.A.3
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, U.S.A.4
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A.*
Wyatt F. Cross, El Verde Field Station, HC-05 Box 8974, Rio Grande, PR , Puerto Rico.
E-mail: Publication HistoryIssue published online: 6 OCT 2005Article first published online: 6 OCT 2005(Manuscript accepted 23 August 2005)
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ecolstreamsSummary1. Ecological stoichiometry deals with the mass balance of multiple key elements [e.g. carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P)] in ecological systems. This conceptual framework, largely developed in the pelagic zone of lakes, has been successfully applied to topics ranging from population dynamics to biogeochemical cycling. More recently, an explicit stoichiometric approach has also been used in many other environments, including freshwater benthic ecosystems.2. Description of elemental patterns among benthic resources and consumers provides a useful starting point for understanding causes of variation and stoichiometric imbalance in feeding interactions. Although there is considerable overlap among categories, terrestrially-derived resources, such as wood, leaf litter and green leaves have substantially higher C&:&nutrient ratios than other resources of both terrestrial and aquatic origin, such as periphyton and fine particulate organic matter. The elemental composition of these resources for benthic consumers is modulated by a range of factors and processes, including nutrient availability and ratios, particle size and microbial colonisation.3. Among consumers in benthic systems, bacteria are the most nutrient-rich, followed (in descending order) by fishes, invertebrate predators, invertebrate primary consumers, and fungi. Differences in consumer C&:&nutrient ratios appear to be related to broad-scale phylogenetic differences which determine body size, growth rate and resource allocation to structural body constituents (e.g. P-rich bone).4. Benthic consumers can influence the stoichiometry of dissolved nutrients and basal resources in multiple ways. Direct consumption alters the stoichiometry of food resources by increasing nutrient availability (e.g. reduced boundary layer thickness on substrata) or through removal of nutrient-rich patches (e.g. selective feeding on fungal patches within leaf litter). In addition, consumers alter the stoichiometry of resources and dissolved nutrient pools through the return of egested or excreted nutrients. In some cases, consumer excretion supplies a large proportion of the nutrients required by algae and heterotrophic microbes and alters elemental ratios of dissolved nutrient pools.5. Organic matter decomposition in benthic systems is accompanied by significant changes in the elemental composition of organic matter. Microbial colonisation of leaf litter influences C&:&nutrient ratios, and patterns of microbial succession (e.g. fungi followed by bacteria) may be under some degree of stoichiometric control. Large elemental imbalances exist between particulate organic matter and detritivores, which is likely to constrain growth rates and invertebrate secondary production. Such imbalances may therefore select for behavioural and other strategies for dealing with them. Comminution of large particles by benthic consumers alters detrital C&:&nutrient ratios and can influence the stoichiometry of elemental export from whole catchments.6. A stoichiometric framework is likely to advance understanding of biogeochemical cycling in benthic ecosystems. A set of scenarios is developed that explores the influence of microbial elemental composition on nutrient spiralling parameters in streams, such as uptake length and uptake rate ratios. The presented hypothetical examples identify when the elemental composition of benthic stream organisms is likely to predict nutrient uptake ratios and conditions that would cause benthic stoichiometry and nutrient uptake from the water column to become uncoupled.