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友情链接：RTP, Real-time Transport Protocol
RTP, Real-time Transport Protocol
Protocol suite:
:Application layer protocol.
Related protocol:
, RTP Control Protocol.
:5004 (UDP).
iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.rtpMIB (1.3.6.1.2.1.10.87).
iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.rohcRtpMIB (1.3.6.1.2.1.114).
, Audio/Video Transport.
, FEC Framework.
RTP provides end-to-end network transport functions suitable for applications transmitting real-time data, such as audio, video or simulation
data, over multicast or unicast network services.
RTP does not address resource reservation and does not guarantee quality-of-service for real-time services.
The data transport is augmented by a control protocol (RTCP) to allow monitoring of the data
delivery in a manner scalable to large multicast networks, and to provide minimal control and identification functionality.
RTP and RTCP are designed to be independent of the underlying transport and network layers.
The protocol supports the use of RTP-level translators and mixers.
MAC header
RTP message
RTP header, version 2:
0001020304050607
0809101112131415
1617181920212223
2425262728293031
[0..15] :::
RTP version number.
Always set to 2.
If set, this packet contains one or more additional padding bytes at the end which are not part of the payload.
The last byte of the padding contains a count of how many padding bytes should be ignored.
Padding may be needed by some encryption algorithms with fixed
block sizes or for carrying several RTP packets in a lower-layer protocol data unit.
If set, the fixed header is followed by exactly one header extension.
The number of CSRC identifiers that follow the fixed header.
The interpretation of the marker is defined by a profile.
It is intended to allow significant events such as frame boundaries to be marked in the packet stream.
A profile may define additional marker bits or specify that there is no marker bit by changing the number of bits in the payload type field.
Identifies the format of the RTP payload and determines its interpretation by the application.
A profile specifies a default static mapping of payload type codes to payload formats.
Additional payload type codes may be defined dynamically through non-RTP means.
An RTP sender emits a single RTP payload ty this field is not intended for multiplexing separate media streams.
PTNameTypeClock rate (Hz)Audio channelsReferences
0PCMUAudio80001
11016Audio80001
2G721Audio80001
3GSMAudio80001
4G723Audio80001&
5DVI4Audio80001
6DVI4Audio160001
7LPCAudio80001
8PCMAAudio80001
9G722Audio80001
10L16Audio441002
11L16Audio441001
12QCELPAudio80001&
13CNAudio80001
14MPAAudio90000
15G728Audio80001
16DVI4Audio110251&
17DVI4Audio220501&
18G729Audio80001&
19reservedAudio&&&
20-24&&&&&
25CellBVideo90000&
26JPEGVideo90000&
28nvVideo90000&
31H261Video90000&
32MPVVideo90000&
33MP2TAudio/Video90000&
34H263Video90000&&
35-71&&&&&
72-76reserved&&&
77-95&&&&&
96-127dynamic&&&
dynamicGSM-HRAudio80001&
dynamicGSM-EFRAudio80001&
dynamicL8Audiovariablevariable&
dynamicREDAudio&&&
dynamicVDVIAudiovariable1&
dynamicBT656Video90000&&
dynamicH263-1998Video90000&&
dynamicMP1SVideo90000&&
dynamicMP2PVideo90000&&
dynamicBMPEGVideo90000&&
The sequence number increments by one for each RTP data packet sent, and may be used by
the receiver to detect packet loss and to restore packet sequence.
The initial value of the sequence number is random (unpredictable) to make known-plaintext attacks on
encryption more difficult, even if the source itself does not encrypt, because the packets may flow through a translator that does.
The timestamp reflects the sampling instant of the first octet in the RTP data packet.
The sampling instant must be derived from a clock that increments monotonically and linearly
in time to allow synchronization and jitter calculations.
The resolution of the clock must be sufficient for the desired synchronization accuracy and for measuring packet arrival
jitter (one tick per video frame is typically not sufficient).
The clock frequency is dependent on the format of data carried as payload and is specified statically in the
profile or payload format specification that defines the format, or may be specified
dynamically for payload formats defined through non-RTP means.
If RTP packets are generated periodically, the nominal sampling instant as determined from the sampling clock is to be used, not a reading of the system clock.
As an example, for fixed-rate audio the timestamp clock would likely increment by one for each sampling period.
If an audio application reads blocks covering 160 sampling periods from the input device, the
timestamp would be increased by 160 for each such block, regardless of whether the block
is transmitted in a packet or dropped as silent.
Identifies the synchronization source.
The value is chosen randomly, with the intent that no two synchronization sources within the same RTP session will have the same SSRC.
Although the probability of multiple sources choosing the same identifier is low, all RTP
implementations must be prepared to detect and resolve collisions.
If a source changes its source transport address, it must also choose a new SSRC to avoid being interpreted as a looped source.
An array of 0 to 15 CSRC elements identifying the contributing sources for the payload contained in this packet.
The number of identifiers is given by the CC field.
If there are more than 15 contributing sources, only 15 may be identified.
CSRC identifiers are inserted by mixers, using the SSRC identifiers of contributing sources.
For example, for audio packets the SSRC identifiers of all sources that were mixed together to create a
packet are listed, allowing correct talker indication at the receiver.
CSRC, Contributing source.
A source of a stream of RTP packets that has contributed to the combined stream produced by an RTP mixer.
The mixer inserts a list of the SSRC identifiers of the
sources that contributed to the generation of a particular packet into the RTP header of that packet.
This list is called the CSRC list.
An example application is audio conferencing where a mixer indicates all the talkers whose speech was combined to produce
the outgoing packet, allowing the receiver to indicate the current talker, even though all the audio packets contain the same SSRC identifier.
End system.
An application that generates the content to be sent in RTP packets and/or consumes the content of received RTP packets.
An end system can act as one or more synchronization sources in a particular RTP session, but typically only one.
An intermediate system that receives RTP packets from one or more sources,
possibly changes the data format, combines the packets in some manner and then forwards a new RTP packet.
Since the timing among multiple input sources will not generally be
synchronized, the mixer will make timing adjustments among the streams and generate its own timing for the combined stream.
Thus, all data packets originating from a mixer will be identified as having the mixer as their synchronization source.
An application that receives RTCP packets sent by participants in an RTP
session, in particular the reception reports, and estimates the current quality of service
for distribution monitoring, fault diagnosis and long-term statistics.
The monitor function is likely to be built into the application(s) participating in the session, but
may also be a separate application that does not otherwise participate and does not send or receive the RTP data packets.
These are called third party monitors.
RTP packet.
A data packet consisting of the fixed RTP header, a possibly empty list of contributing sources, and the payload data.
Some underlying protocols may require an encapsulation of the RTP packet to be defined.
Typically one packet of the underlying
protocol contains a single RTP packet, but several RTP packets may be contained if permitted by the encapsulation method.
RTP payload.
The data transported by RTP in a packet, for example audio samples or compressed video data.
RTP session.
The association among a set of participants communicating with RTP.
For each participant, the session is defined by a particular pair of destination transport
addresses (one network address plus a port pair for RTP and RTCP).
The destination transport address pair may be common for all participants, as in the case of IP multicast,
or may be different for each, as in the case of individual unicast network addresses plus a common port pair.
In a multimedia session, each medium is carried in a separate RTP session with its own RTCP packets.
The multiple RTP sessions are distinguished by different port number pairs and/or different multicast addresses.
SSRC, Synchronization source.
The source of a stream of RTP packets, identified by a 32-bit numeric SSRC
identifier carried in the RTP header so as not to be dependent upon the network address.
All packets from a synchronization source form part of the same timing and sequence number
space, so a receiver groups packets by synchronization source for playback.
Examples of synchronization sources include the sender of a stream of packets derived from a signal
source such as a microphone or a camera, or an RTP mixer.
A synchronization source may change its data format, e.g., audio encoding, over time.
The SSRC identifier is a randomly chosen value meant to be globally unique within a particular RTP session.
A participant need not use the same SSRC identifier for all the RTP sessions in
the binding of the SSRC identifiers is provided through RTCP.
If a participant generates multiple streams in one RTP session, for example from separate video cameras, each must be identified as a different SSRC.
Translator.
An intermediate system that forwards RTP packets with their synchronization source identifier intact.
Examples of translators include devices that convert encodings
without mixing, replicators from multicast to unicast, and application- level filters in firewalls.
RTP Payload Format of Sun's CellB Video Encoding.
Category: Standards Track.
RTP Payload Format for H.261 Video Streams.
Category: Standards Track.
Defines RTCP packet types 192 (FIR) and 193 (NACK).
RTP Payload Format for H.263 Video Streams.
Category: Standards Track.
RTP Payload for Redundant Audio Data.
Category: Standards Track.
RTP Payload Format for MPEG1/MPEG2 Video.
Category: Standards Track.
Obsoletes:
RTP Payload Format for Bundled MPEG.
Category: Experimental.
RTP Payload Format for the 1998 Version of ITU-T Rec. H.263 Video (H.263+).
Category: Standards Track.
RTP Payload Format for BT.656 Video Encoding.
Category: Standards Track.
RTP Payload Format for JPEG-compressed Video.
Category: Standards Track.
Obsoletes:
Compressing IP/UDP/RTP Headers for Low-Speed Serial Links.
Category: Standards Track.
RTP Payload Format for PureVoice(tm) Audio.
Category: Standards Track.
An RTP Payload Format for Generic Forward Error Correction.
Category: Standards Track.
Guidelines for Writers of RTP Payload Format Specifications.
Sampling of the Group Membership in RTP.
Category: Experimental.
RTP Payload for DTMF Digits, Telephony Tones and Telephony Signals.
Category: Standards Track.
RTP Payload Format for Real-Time Pointers.
Category: Standards Track.
Real-Time Transport Protocol Management Information Base.
Category: Standards Track.
Defines SNMP MIB iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.rtpMIB (1.3.6.1.2.1.10.87).
Registration of parityfec MIME types.
Category: Standards Track.
Defines MIME types application/parityfec, audio/parityfec, text/parityfec, video/parityfec.
RTP Payload Format for MPEG-4 Audio/Visual Streams.
Category: Standards Track.
RTP Payload Format for ITU-T Recommendation G.722.1.
Category: Standards Track.
RObust Header Compression (ROHC): Framework and four profiles: RTP, UDP, ESP, and uncompressed.
Category: Standards Track.
Updated by:
A More Loss-Tolerant RTP Payload Format for MP3 Audio.
Category: Standards Track.
RTP Testing Strategies.
Category: Informational.
RTP Payload Format for DV (IEC 61834) Video.
Category: Standards Track.
RTP Payload Format for 12-bit DAT Audio and 20- and 24-bit Linear Sampled Audio.
Category: Standards Track.
Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) Payload Format and File Storage Format for the Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR)
and Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB) Audio Codecs.
Category: Standards Track.
Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) Payload for Comfort Noise (CN).
Category: Standards Track.
Defines MIME media subtype audio/CN.
Defines RTP payload type CN.
RTP Payload Format for Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) 292M Video.
Category: Standards Track.
Defines MIME media subtype video/SMPTE292M.
Enhanced Compressed RTP (CRTP) for Links with High Delay, Packet Loss and Reordering.
Category: Standards Track.
RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications.
Updated by:
Obsoletes:
RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control.
Obsoletes:
MIME Type Registration of RTP Payload Formats.
Category: Standards Track.
Updated by:
RTP Payload Format for European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) European Standard ES 201 108 Distributed Speech Recognition Encoding.
Category: Standards Track.
Defines MIME media subtype audio/dsr-es201108.
RTP Payload Format for Enhanced Variable Rate Codecs (EVRC) and Selectable Mode Vocoders (SMV).
Category: Standards Track.
Defines MIME media subtypes audio/EVRC, audio/EVRC0, audio/SMV and audio/SMV0.
RTP Payload Format for Transport of MPEG-4 Elementary Streams.
Category: Standards Track.
The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP).
Category: Standards Track
Defines RTP profile RTP/SAVP.
Definitions of Managed Objects for RObust Header Compression (ROHC).
Category: Standards Track.
Defines SNMP MIB iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.rohcMIB (1.3.6.1.2.1.112).
Defines SNMP MIB iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.rohcUncmprMIB (1.3.6.1.2.1.113).
Defines SNMP MIB iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.rohcRtpMIB (1.3.6.1.2.1.114).
Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) Payload Format for internet Low Bit Rate Codec (iLBC) Speech.
Category: Experimental.
Defines MIME media subtype audio/iLBC.
RTP Payload Format for a 64 kbit/s Transparent Call.
Category: Standards Track.
Defines MIME media subtype audio/clearmode.
RTP Payload Formats for European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) European Standard ES 202 050, ES 202 211, and ES 202 212 Distributed Speech Recognition Encoding.
Category: Standards Track.
Defines MIME media subtypes audio/dsr-es202050, audio/dsr-es202211 and audio/dsr-es202212.
RTP Payload for Text Conversation.
Category: Standards Track.
Defines MIME media subtype text/t140.
Obsoletes:
Tunneling Multiplexed Compressed RTP (TCRTP).
RTP Payload Format for Uncompressed Video.
Category: Standards Track.
Defines MIME media subtype video/raw.
Updated by:
RTP Payload Format for AC-3 Audio.
Category: Standards Track.
RTP Payload Format for BroadVoice Speech Codecs.
Category: Standards Track.
Defines MIME media subtypes audio/BV16 and audio/BV32.
Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) Payload Format for the Variable-Rate Multimode Wideband (VMR-WB) Audio Codec.
Category: Standards Track.
Defines MIME media subtype audio/VMR-WB.
Updated by:
Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) Payload for Text Conversation Interleaved in an Audio Stream.
Category: Historic.
Defines MIME media subtype audio/t140c.
RTP Payload Format for the Extended Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB+) Audio Codec.
Category: Standards Track.
Defines MIME media subtype audio/amr-wb+.
RTP Payload Format for 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Timed Text.
Category: Standards Track.
Defines MIME media subtype video/3gpp-tt.
RTP Payload Format for Uncompressed Video: Additional Colour Sampling Modes.
Category: Standards Track.
Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) Payload Format for the Variable-Rate Multimode Wideband (VMR-WB) Extension Audio Codec.
Category: Standards Track.
RTP Payload Format for Video Codec 1 (VC-1).
Category: Standards Track.
Defines MIME media subtype video/vc1.
RTP Payload Format for the G.729.1 Audio Codec.
Category: Standards Track.
Defines MIME media subtype audio/G7291.
Updated by:
Definition of Events for Channel-Oriented Telephony Signalling.
Category: Standards Track.
RTP Payload Format for JPEG 2000 Video Streams.
Category: Standards Track.
Defines MIME media subtype video/jpeg2000.
Payload Format for JPEG 2000 Video: Extensions for Scalability and Main Header Recovery.
Category: Standards Track.
RTP Payload Format for ITU-T Recommendation G.711.1.
Category: Standards Track.
Defines MIME media subtypes audio/PCMA-WB, audio/PCMU-WB.
RTP Payload Format for G.719.
Category: Standards Track.Defines MIME media subtype audio/G719.
Transmission Time Offsets in RTP Streams.
Category: Standards Track.
Defines RTCP packet type 195 (IJ).
G.729.1 RTP Payload Format Update: Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) Support.
Category: Standards Track.
RTP Payload Format for Global System for Mobile Communications Half Rate (GSM-HR).
Category: Standards Track.
Defines MIME media subtype audio/GSM-HR-08.
RTP Payload Format for 1-D Interleaved Parity Forward Error Correction (FEC).
Category: Standards Track.
Defines MIME media subtypes application/1d-interleaved-parityfec, audio/1d-interleaved-parityfec, text/1d-interleaved-parityfec, video/1d-interleaved-parityfec.
Rapid Synchronisation of RTP Flows.
Category: Standards Track.
RTP Payload Format for H.264 Video.
Category: Standards Track.
Obsoletes:
RTP Payload Format for Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) ST 336 Encoded Data.
Category: Standards Track.
Defines MIME media subtype application/smpte336m.
RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications.
Category: Standards Track.
Obsoleted by:
RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control.
Category: Standards Track.
Obsoleted by:
RTP Payload Format for JPEG-compressed Video.
Category: Standards Track.
Obsoleted by:
RTP Payload Format for MPEG1/MPEG2 Video.
Category: Standards Track.
Obsoleted by:
RTP Payload for Text Conversation.
Category: Standards Track.
Defines MIME media subtype text/t140.
Obsoleted by:
RTP Payload Format for H.264 Video.
Category: Standards Track.
Defines MIME media subtype video/H264.
Obsoleted by: