巴拿马是谁？
对于相当一部分中国球迷来说，昨天做的事情大概有两种：吹捧梅西，哀悼荷兰。毕竟，前者凭着帽子戏法硬生生把阿根廷从悬崖边上拽了回来，后者作为南非世界杯亚军、巴西世界杯季军，却没拿到飞往俄罗斯的机票。
不过，还有一支球队不声不响地挤进了世界杯——他们就是巴拿马。压倒了强大的美国，这个靠运河出名的国家第一次杀进世界杯，总统下令：放假一天。
“看足球·学地理”的时间又到了！这是个什么样的国家？他们靠着什么打进了世界杯？
他们是怎么杀进世界杯的？
第88分钟打进了绝杀进球
10月10日，33万人口的冰岛杀进了世界杯，成为实际上人口最少的进入世界杯决赛圈的球队。不过，因为冰岛在2016年曾杀进欧洲杯八强，所以关于他们的惊奇程度只能打2星。
相比之下，巴拿马的晋级显得更让人惊讶。在这场比赛之前，美国前九轮比赛积12分，位居第三，领先排名第四巴拿马与第五洪都拉斯各2分，由于净胜球多，他们基本“打平就出线”。
然而，美国却爆冷输给了积分垫底的特立尼达和多巴哥，掉落至第五位，失去了参加世界杯的资格。而另一面，先丢球的巴拿马先是凭着一例门线悬案扳平比分，然后又靠着88分钟的进球2比1绝杀了哥斯达黎加，在最后关头抢到了一个出线名额。
这是一个什么样的国家？
面积不到咱们省的一半儿
由于拥有连接大西洋与太平洋的巴拿马运河，他们占据着重要的战略地位。日，美国将巴拿马运河所有土地、建筑、基础设施和所有的管理权都交还给巴拿马；今年6月12日，巴拿马与中国建交。
巴拿马总面积7.5万平方公里，不到咱们省的一半儿；人口403万，不到咱们省六分之一。
他们和中国队有过交锋吗？
世青赛上曾被郜林们狂虐
要说巴拿马和中国足球的关系，那就得从2005年荷兰世青赛说起，也就是郜林、蒿俊闵、冯潇霆、赵旭日、董方卓那一拨球员。当时他们与国青队分在一个小组，结果国青4比1大胜，当时周海滨、郜林、蒿俊闵、卢琳各下一城，可是12年后，天上地下。
对了，还有一事，郜林们不知道有没有印象？当时巴拿马有一名叫做罗曼·托雷斯的球员（往上看，本文标题旁边的人就是他），而这场对阵哥斯达黎加的比赛他也出场了——他打进了绝杀球，而且已经成为了巴拿马的民族英雄。
他们的足球水平怎么样？
世界排名和中国队差不多
在这场比赛前，巴拿马的世界排名和中国队差不多，他们是60位，而咱们的中国队是62位。
这些年，他们在青少年培养上下了很大力气。本届预选赛进入大名单的22人，除两人来自本国联赛外，其余都在海外踢球。
不过，这些球员基本都在美洲效力（主要是美国大联盟）。由于没有在欧洲打出名堂的现役球星，他们的实力往往被低估。近年来，巴拿马的实力已经显现：2013年的中北美金杯赛，巴拿马拿到了第二名；2015年的金杯赛，他们打进了半决赛，六场比赛90分钟内都和对手打成了1比1平，创造过洲际大赛连续同一比分平局的世界纪录。2017年初，他们还曾在中美洲国家杯中获得第二名。
关于相关球队的
乱七八糟小知识
这些球队出线了！
已有23支球队直通俄罗斯。有意思的是，非洲冠军喀麦隆、南美冠军智利、中北美加勒比海冠军美国都已经出局，而亚洲冠军澳大利亚和大洋洲冠军新西兰将参加附加赛。
已经晋级世界杯决赛圈的球队，都有啥有意思的一面？
欧洲区出线球队
俄罗斯（东道主）
去年欧洲杯俄罗斯球迷曾和英格兰球迷打了一架。普京评论：“我不太理解，我们200名球迷是怎么打赢数千英格兰球迷的？”
十年前他们排名和国足差不多；2015年，他们曾排名世界第一。
一队捧走世界杯，二队捧走联合会杯，三队捧走欧青赛冠军。
由于结了梁子，英警方警告球迷别在俄罗斯唱民族主义歌曲。
皮克、布教授、哈维都是加泰罗尼亚人——就是那个正在闹分家的加泰罗尼亚。这地方还出过一个名教练，叫瓜迪奥拉。
2013年他们世界排名六七十，现在他们世界第六，成了种子队。
这个国家的人口，和中国名叫“张伟”的人数差不多。
能捋清他和“南斯拉夫”、“塞黑”的不是时政爱好者就是球迷。
全队身价10亿欧元全球最贵，相当于17个韩国队，60多个中国队。
各大洲冠军球队里，他们是唯一一个直接进入世界杯的。
南美区出线球队
毕竟是足球王国，他们没有缺席任何一次世界杯，世界唯一。
永远别忘了他们是第一届世界杯的冠军队伍。
本报上期的《深读》曾做了一期“赛场上的玄学”。而在对厄瓜多尔的生死战之前，阿根廷足协邀请了一位著名的巫师作法。
1994年世界杯他们的后卫埃斯科巴因打进乌龙球而遭枪杀。
亚洲区出线球队
国家队缺钱，主教练说打算自己开个账户接受捐款。
日本、韩国
这俩队我们太熟悉了，没啥可多说的了吧？
2002年输德国0比8不算最惨。1954年韩国输给匈牙利0比9。
中北美及加勒比区出线球队
最大贡献或许是1970墨西哥世界杯诞生的经典黑白足球。
哥斯达黎加
世界杯上赢过国足的三支球队之一……上届送走了意大利。
左边的稿子都是说他们的。
非洲区出线球队
1970年政府军反对派停火48小时，因为他们要看贝利的表演赛。
他们的门将……44岁。如果明年参赛，他将刷新纪录。
此外，跨洲附加赛对阵结果出炉：
新西兰（大洋洲区）VS秘鲁（南美区）、
澳大利亚（亚洲区）VS洪都拉斯（中北美及加勒比区）。
欧洲区的附加赛参赛球队确定，瑞士、意大利、丹麦、克罗地亚、瑞典、北爱尔兰、希腊和爱尔兰。
本组稿件 新文化记者 陈涛
责任编辑：
声明：该文观点仅代表作者本人，搜狐号系信息发布平台，搜狐仅提供信息存储空间服务。
今日搜狐热点尼日利亚和巴拿马哪个距离中国近_百度知道
尼日利亚和巴拿马哪个距离中国近
尼日利亚和巴拿马哪个距离中国近
我有更好的答案
都以国家的首都为中心。回答是：尼日利亚到中国的距离近于巴拿马。
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谁公开了巴拿马文件？
How the Panama Papers journalists broke the biggest leak in history
杰拉德o 赖尔（Gerard Ryle）带领国际调查记者团队揭秘了巴拿马文件，这1150万份内部文件是巴拿马的莫萨克o冯赛卡律师行近40年的记录。调查记者团队由此出发，首次揭开了离岸金融市场的神秘面纱。听听杰拉德讲述巴拿马文件泄密事件背后的故事。
Gerard Ryle led the international team that divulged the Panama Papers, the 11.5 million leaked documents from 40 years of activity of the Panamanian law firm Mossack Fonseca that have offered an unprecedented glimpse into the scope and methods of the secretive world of offshore finance. Hear the story behind the biggest collaborative journalism project in history.
Gerard Ryle is the director of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) in Washington, DC.When journalists at the S&ddeutsche Zeitung newspaper in Germany got hold of the documents from a whistleblower, their volume and complexity pushed them to turn to the ICIJ, which brought together 376 investigative journalists from more than 100 news organizations in 76 countries.The reporters spent months collaborating in researching and checking the documents, using protected communication channels, bespoke search engines and other specialized tools built by ICIJ, and ICIJ coordinated the release of the information across the world. It was the biggest cross-border collaboration in journalism history. The Panama Papers resulted in resignations or political outcries in Britain, Iceland, Spain, Malta and Pakistan and triggered dozens of official inquires around the world. &Before joining as the ICIJ's first non-American director in September 2011, Ryle spent more than 25 years working as an investigative reporter, author and editor in Australia and in Ireland. He has more than 60 journalism awards from six countries, including honors from the George Polk Awards, Harvard University and the University of Liege. Reporters Without Borders has described his work with ICIJ as &the future of investigative journalism worldwide.&&(Photo: Le Monde / Melissa Golden)
可以点击正文的句子跳转到播放该句
如果你需要弄清1150万份文件里的信息，
并加以核实、分析，
你会怎么做？
去年年底，
一群记者便遇到了这样的挑战。
一个自称John Doe的匿名人士
不知用什么方法成功拷贝了
巴拿马律所——莫萨克·冯赛卡，近40年的资料。
和很多律所一样，
这家律所专门帮助客户
在避税天堂秘密设立账户，
比如，英属维尔京群岛。
这些客户大多是些有权有势的人。
John Doe成功拷贝了这家律所的每份电子表格、
每一份客户文档、
以及每一封电子邮件，
这些都是律所从1977年到今天的秘密资料。
最大规模地披露了
避税天堂不为人知的内部信息，
调查性新闻报道也因此面临了巨大挑战。
想一想：这1150万份文件里
包含了来自200多个国家的人的秘密。
你该如何着手研究这样庞大的资料？
对于此次报道，你又该从何处说起？
此次报道将会传播到世界上每一个角落，
影响几乎所有语种的人们，
有时，它甚至会以人们想不到的方式改变一些事
John Doe将信息泄露给
南德意志报的两名记者，
当他谈到他的动机时，他说，
“这些资料可以揭示出巨大的不公平。”
但是仅凭一己之力，
不可能分析如此庞杂的资料，
于是南德意志报的记者联系到了
我们位于华盛顿的机构——
国际调查记者同盟。
我们决定要做一件事
这将有悖于我们在记者培训时所学到的：
调查记者们都是天生的孤狼，
我们不顾一切保护自己的秘密，
有时甚至要隐瞒我们的编辑。
因为我们知道，一旦编辑知晓我们所得，
他们会立刻想要完成报道。
如果你有了一个好故事，
你只想让这份光荣属于自己。
毫无疑问，我们生活的世界正在不断缩小，
媒体却迟迟未能意识到这一点。
我们报道了越来越多的跨国事件，
大型公司的经营变得全球化，
环境问题和健康危机是全球性的，
同样，资金流动和金融危机也是如此。
奇怪的是，新闻行业居然这么晚
才开始以真正国际化的方式报道新闻。
同样令人震惊的是，新闻行业竟如此后知后觉，
直到如今才意识到
自己应该接受科技所带来的机会，
而不该对其心存惧怕。
记者们害怕科技是因为：
大型新闻机构在经历困境，
这是人们在接收新闻的方式上
发生变化所造成的局面。
维持新闻机构运营的广告模式受到冲击，
新闻行业因此陷入危机，
大型新闻机构也不得不重新思考运营方式。
不过，有危机时
必定有机会。
后来人们熟知的“巴拿马文件”事件
带来的第一个挑战：
是让这些文件便于检索且易读。
需要被扫描并编入索引的
有接近500万封电子邮件，
200万个PDF文档，
以及数百万份文件和其他类型的资料
这些资料必须存储在
云端上安全、可靠的位置。
接下来，我们邀请了一些记者来研究这些文件。
总共有来自76个国家，100多家新闻机构的记者
加入了我们。
有的来自英国的BBC，
有的来自法国的世界报，
也有的来自日本的朝日新闻。
我们把这邀请称为“本国人看本国事”。
意思是说，谁能比尼日利亚记者更了解
什么人在尼日利亚是大人物呢？
谁又会比加拿大记者更了解加拿大事呢？
受邀记者只需遵守两条规则：
一、我们都同意共享所有信息；
二、我们都同意在同一天发布新闻。
我们选择合作对象是基于信任，
这信任是建立在以前的小型合作中，
也来自于我们在研究文件时的点点滴滴。
在之后的几个月，
我们这个不到20人的小团体
又增加了25个语种，共350名记者。
史上最大的文件泄密事件
促成了新闻行业空前的合作：
376位记者做着
记者在通常情况下永远不会做的事情，
并肩工作，
共享信息，
但不对外公布。
因为那时候我们已经知道，
若想发出最大的声音，
我们首先得保持完全静默。
为了更好地管理这个将历时数月的项目，
我们建立了一个安全的虚拟新闻编辑室。
我们使用加密的沟通系统，
也开发了一个专门的搜索引擎。
在虚拟新闻编辑室里，
记者们按照文件里的主题
进行分组合作。
例如，对血钻和异国艺术感兴趣的记者们
可以共同研究离岸市场是如何被利用
以掩盖这些商品交易的。
对体育感兴趣的记者可以交流
超级体育明星是怎样把他们的肖像权
交给离岸公司，
这样，他们在其他国家进行商业活动时
就可以避税。
最令人激动的
或许是文件所披露的
数位国家元首和政客，
包括乌克兰的彼得·波罗申科，
俄罗斯总统普京的亲信，
英国首相戴维·卡梅伦
也因其去世的父亲伊恩·卡梅伦而牵涉其中。
巴拿马文件中包含着许多离岸隐秘资产的信息，
例如Wintris公司。
该公司在英属维京群岛注册，
实际拥有者是时任冰岛总理。
我把冰岛记者
约翰内斯·克里斯蒂安松称为
世界上最孤独的人。
有九个月的时间，他拒绝了有报酬的工作，
靠着太太的收入过活。
在冰岛漫长的冬季，
他甚至在窗户上贴了油布防止被监视。
很快，他的借口就用完了，
他无法解释自己长时间的缺席。
他熬红了眼睛，
夜复一夜，
月复一月地工作。
那时，他一直在整理信息，
这些信息最终把他们国家的元首拉下马。
如果你是一名调查记者，并有了惊人的发现，
比如你们的总理和一家隐秘的离岸公司有联系，
同时那家公司从冰岛的银行里获得了巨额财富，
而这正是当初他当选的原因，
你的第一反应肯定是大声说出来。
相反，作为少数几个能和他交流这件事的人，
我和约翰内斯有着共同的黑色幽默，
他总是说 "Wintris将至"
我们都对权力的游戏很着迷。
当其他像约翰内斯一样的记者想大声呐喊时，
他们就在虚拟新闻编辑室里面喊，
之后再投入到报道中去。
他们不仅局限于文件本身，还查阅法庭记录，
公司注册文件，
最后还向我们最终的目标人物发问。
巴拿马文件让记者们有机会
通过别人的视角看待世界。
正当我们在研究巴拿马文件时，
世界上也发生了许多大新闻。
巴西爆出了政治献金丑闻，
阿根廷选举出了新的领导，
FBI对FIFA官员提起控告，
FIFA是国际足球联合会，控制着全球的专业球员。
其实，我们从巴拿马文件中可以窥见
这些事件的一些端倪。
大家可以想象，我们当时必须
承受压力和内心的情绪波动，
否则，我们就会毁掉自己努力在做的事情。
任何一个记者都有机会
打破君子协定，
但是，没有人这么做。
今年4月3日，
德国时间晚上8点整，
我们同时在76个国家发布了报道。
巴拿马文件迅速成为年度最大新闻。
这是我们发布新闻后第二天，发生在冰岛的场景，
这是众多抗议活动的开始。
冰岛总理不得不辞职，
接下来，各地都有领导辞职下台。
我们聚焦很多名人，例如
世界级球星利昂内尔·梅西。
还发生了一些出乎我们意料的事情，
这些据说是墨西哥贩毒集团的成员被捕了，
因为我们发布了他们隐匿处的详细信息。
他们使用这个地址
注册了离岸公司。
我们做的事情也有讽刺的一面，
科技，准确地说，打破新闻业商业模式的互联网
让我们彻底改造了新闻行业本身。
这种变化正在带来
空前的新闻透明度与影响力。
我们的合作显示了一群记者是如何
将新科技与传统手段相结合，
研究庞大的泄密信息，并最终影响了世界。
我们把John Doe给的文件放在大背景下考虑，
通过资源共享，
我们可以挖掘得更深，
远远超出现在多数新闻媒体能做的，
因为这些新闻媒体还需考虑到金融影响。
这是一次大冒险，
不是每次报道都能这么做。
但是巴拿马文件事件展示出来的是，
不管在哪儿，你都能报道任何国家的新闻。
你可以选择自己感兴趣的领域，维护自己的成果。
试着得到一个法庭禁令，
禁止你在76个国家报道这个故事。
试着阻止不可避免的事情。
发布报道后不久，我收到了
约翰内斯发来的三字短信，
“Wintris已至。”
Wintris来了，或许新闻行业的新时代也到了。
布鲁诺·朱萨尼：杰拉德，谢谢你。
我猜你会把这片掌声带给那350名
与你并肩合作的记者，对吗？
现在，我有几个问题想要问你。
你和350多位全球各地的同行
一起秘密共事了一年多，
有没有某一刻，你会觉得
泄密事件本身会被泄密，
有人会直接发布了新闻
破坏你们的合作？
或者是其它人从某些渠道得知了一些信息，
直接发布出去？
杰拉德·赖尔：其实，一路走来
我们碰到了数次危机，
比如，某个国家发生了大事，
那个国家的记者就会想马上发消息，
我们就得安抚他们。
最大的危机应该是约定发布前的一周，
我们发了一些问题给普京的亲信，
对方不但没有回应，
克里姆林宫还特意召开新闻发布会来谴责我们，
他们声称，整件事都是西方的阴谋。
那时候，普京以为这件事只针对他一个人。
当然，世界各地的编辑们
也都对此非常紧张，
他们觉得报道会被抢先发表。
你们可以想象他们在巴拿马文件上花费了
大量的时间、资源和金钱。
所以最后一周，我基本都在安抚大家，
有点像将军安抚士兵：
“冷静，保持冷静，”
最后，大家都保持了冷静。
布鲁诺·朱萨尼：大概几周前，你公开了许多文件，
像一个开放的数据库，
大家都能用关键词进行查找。
杰拉德·赖尔：我们非常相信
关于离岸世界的基本信息都应该
被公诸于众。
目前，我们没有公布
记者们挖掘出来的其它真相。
我们公布的只是一些基本信息，例如人名，
以及这个人名下的离岸公司的性质
和公司的名字，
这些大型资源都已经放在网上了。
布鲁诺·朱萨尼：杰拉德，谢谢你们的付出。
杰拉德·赖尔：谢谢。
What do you do if you had
to figure out the information
behind 11.5 million documents,
verify it and make sense of it?
That was a challenge
that a group of journalists
had to face late last year.
An anonymous person
calling himself John Doe
had somehow managed to copy
nearly 40 years of records
of the Panamanian law firm
Mossack Fonseca.
This is one of many firms around the world
that specialize in setting up accounts
in offshore tax havens
like the British Virgin Islands,
for rich and powerful people
who like to keep secrets.
John Doe had managed to copy
every spreadsheet from this firm,
every client file,
every email,
from 1977 to the present day.
It represented the biggest cache
of inside information
into the tax haven system
that anyone had ever seen.
But it also presented a gigantic challenge
to investigative journalism.
Think about it:
11.5 million documents,
containing the secrets of people
from more than 200 different countries.
Where do you start
with such a vast resource?
Where do you even begin to tell a story
that can trail off
into every corner of the globe,
and that can affect almost
any person in any language,
sometimes in ways
they don't even know yet.
John Doe had given the information
to two journalists
at the German newspaper
Süddeutsche Zeitung.
He said he was motivated
by — and I quote —
"The scale of the injustice
that the documents would reveal."
But one user alone can never make sense
of such a vast amount of information.
So the Süddeutsche Zeitung reached out
to my organization in Washington, DC,
The International Consortium
of Investigative Journalists.
We decided to do something
that was the very opposite
of everything we'd been taught
to do as journalists:
(Laughter)
By nature, investigative
reporters are lone wolves.
We fiercely guard our secrets,
at times even from our editors,
because we know that the moment
we tell them what we have,
they'll want that story right away.
And to be frank,
when you get a good story,
you like to keep the glory to yourself.
But there's no doubt
that we live in a shrinking world,
and that the media has largely
been slow to wake up to this.
The issues we report on
are more and more transnational.
Giant corporations operate
on a global level.
Environmental and health
crises are global.
So, too, are financial flows
and financial crises.
So it seems staggering
that journalism has been so late
to cover stories in a truly global way.
And it also seems staggering
that journalism has been so slow
to wake up to the possibilities
that technology brings,
rather than being frightened of it.
The reason journalists
are scared of technology is this:
the profession's largest institutions
are going through tough times
because of the changing way
that people are consuming news.
The advertising business models
that have sustained reporting are broken.
And this has plunged
journalism into crisis,
forcing those institutions
to reexamine how they function.
But where there is crisis,
there is also opportunity.
The first challenge presented
by what would eventually become
known as the Panama Papers
was to make the documents
searchable and readable.
There were nearly five million emails,
two million PDFs that needed
to be scanned and indexed,
and millions more files
and other kinds of documents.
They all needed to be housed
in a safe and secure location
in the cloud.
We next invited reporters
to have a look at the documents.
In all, reporters from more
than 100 media organizations
in 76 countries —
from the BBC in Britain
to Le Monde newspaper in France
to the Asahi Shimbun in Japan.
"Native eyes on native names,"
we called it, the idea being,
who best to tell you
who was important to Nigeria
than a Nigerian journalist?
Who best in Canada than a Canadian?
There were only two rules
for everyone who was invited:
we all agreed to share everything
that we found with everybody else,
and we all agreed to publish
together on the same day.
We chose our media partners based on trust
that had been built up through
previous smaller collaborations
and also from leads
that jumped out from the documents.
Over the next few months,
my small nonprofit organization
of less than 20 people
was joined by more than 350 other
reporters from 25 language groups.
The biggest information leak in history
had now spawned the biggest
journalism collaboration in history:
376 sets of native eyes doing
what journalists normally never do,
working shoulder to shoulder,
sharing information,
but telling no one.
For it became clear at this point
that in order to make
the biggest kind of noise,
we first needed
the biggest kind of silence.
To manage the project
over the many months it would take,
we built a secure virtual newsroom.
We used encrypted communication systems,
and we built a specially
designed search engine.
Inside the virtual newsroom,
the reporters could gather
around the themes
that were emerging from the documents.
Those interested in blood diamonds
or exotic art, for instance,
could share information about how
the offshore world was being used
to hide the trade in both
of those commodities.
Those interested in sport
could share information
about how famous sports stars
were putting their image rights
into offshore companies,
thereby likely avoiding taxes
in the countries
where they plied their trade.
But perhaps most exciting of all
were the number of world leaders
and elect politicians
that were emerging from the documents —
figures like Petro Poroshenko in Ukraine,
close associates
of Vladimir Putin in Russia
and the British Prime Minister,
David Cameron, who is linked
through his late father, Ian Cameron.
Buried in the documents
were secret offshore entities,
such as Wintris Inc.,
a company in the British Virgin Islands
that had actually belonged
to the sitting Icelandic prime minister.
I like to refer to Johannes Kristjansson,
the Icelandic reporter
we invited to join the project,
as the loneliest man in the world.
For nine months, he refused paid work
and lived off the earnings of his wife.
He pasted tarps
over the windows of his home
to prevent prying eyes
during the long Icelandic winter.
And he soon ran out of excuses
to explain his many absences,
as he worked red-eyed,
night after night,
month after month.
In all that time, he sat on information
that would eventually bring down
the leader of his country.
Now, when you're an investigative reporter
and you make an amazing discovery,
such as your prime minster can be linked
to a secret offshore company,
that that company has a financial
interest in Icelandic banks —
the very issue he's been elected on —
well, your instinct
is to scream out very loud.
Instead, as one of the few people
that he could speak to,
Johannes and I shared
a kind of gallows humor.
"Wintris is coming," he used to say.
(Laughter)
(Applause)
We were big fans of "Game of Thrones."
When reporters like Johannes
wanted to scream,
they did so inside the virtual newsroom,
and then they turned
those screams into stories
by going outside the documents
to court records,
official company registers,
and by eventually putting questions
to those that we intended to name.
Panama Papers actually allowed
the reporters to look at the world
through a different lens
from everybody else.
As we were researching the story,
unconnected to us,
a major political bribery scandal
happened in Brazil.
A new leader was elected in Argentina.
The FBI began to indict officials at FIFA,
the organization that controls
the world of professional soccer.
The Panama Papers
actually had unique insights
into each one of these unfolding events.
So you can imagine the pressure
and the ego dramas
that could have ruined
what we were trying to do.
Any of one of these journalists,
they could have broken the pact.
But they didn't.
And on April 3 this year,
at exactly 8pm German time,
we published simultaneously
in 76 countries.
(Applause)
The Panama Papers quickly became
one of the biggest stories of the year.
This is the scene in Iceland
the day after we published.
It was the first of many protests.
The Icelandic prime minister
had to resign.
It was a first of many resignations.
We spotlighted many famous people
such as Lionel Messi,
the most famous
soccer player in the world.
And there were some
unintended consequences.
These alleged members
of a Mexican drug cartel were arrested
after we published details
about their hideout.
They'd been using the address
to register their offshore company.
(Laughter)
There's a kind of irony
in what we've been able to do.
The technology — the Internet —
that has broken the business model
is allowing us to reinvent
journalism itself.
And this dynamic is producing
unprecedented levels
of transparency and impact.
We showed how a group of journalists
can effect change across the world
by applying new methods
and old-fashioned journalism techniques
to vast amounts of leaked information.
We put all-important context
around what was given to us by John Doe.
And by sharing resources,
we were able to dig deep —
much deeper and longer than most
media organizations allow these days,
because of financial concerns.
Now, it was a big risk,
and it wouldn't work for every story,
but we showed with the Panama Papers
that you can write about any country
from just about anywhere,
and then choose your preferred
battleground to defend your work.
Try obtaining a court injunction
that would prevent the telling
of a story in 76 different countries.
Try stopping the inevitable.
Shortly after we published,
I got a three-word text from Johannes:
"Wintris has arrived."
(Laughter)
It had arrived and so, too, perhaps
has a new era for journalism.
Thank you.
(Applause)
Bruno Giussani: Gerard, thank you.
I guess you're going to send
that applause to the 350 journalists
who worked with you, right?
Now, a couple of questions
I would like to ask.
The first one is,
you'd been working
in secrecy for over a year
with 350-something colleagues
from all over the world —
was there ever a moment when you thought
that the leak may be leaked,
that the collaboration may just be broken
by somebody publishing a story?
Or somebody not in the group
releasing some information
that they got to know?
Gerard Ryle: We had a series
of crises along the way,
including when something major
was happening in the world,
the journalists from that country
wanted to publish right away.
We had to calm them down.
Probably the biggest crisis we had
was a week before publication.
We'd sent a series of questions
to the associates of Vladimir Putin,
but instead of responding,
the Kremlin actually held
a press conference and denounced us,
and denounced the whole thing
as being, I guess, a plot from the West.
At that point, Putin thought
it was just about him.
And, of course, a lot of editors
around the world
were very nervous about this.
They thought the story
was going to get out.
You can imagine the amount
of time they'd spent,
the amount of resources,
money spent on this.
So I had to basically spend
the last week calming everyone down,
a bit like a general,
where you're holding your troops back:
"Calm, remain calm."
And then eventually,
of course, they all did.
BG: And then a couple weeks ago or so,
you released a lot of the documents
as an open database
for everybody to search
via keyword, essentially.
GR: We very much believe
that the basic information
about the offshore world
should be made public.
Now, we didn't publish
the underlying documents
of the journalists we're working with.
But the basic information
such as the name of a person,
what their offshore company was
and the name of that company,
is now all available online.
In fact, the biggest resource
of its kind basically is out there now
BG: Gerard, thank you for the work you do.
GR: Thank you.
(Applause)
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