求双王同人文，经典的，长篇的……金枪金剑或者金枪剑的也可以啦~~拜托了~~~_百度知道
求双王同人文，经典的，长篇的……金枪金剑或者金枪剑的也可以啦~~拜托了~~~
《Avid for You》这几篇急求啊啊啊《在我遇到你之前遇到我的那个你》.RA》，重写版《在我遇到你之前遇到我的那个你——KA DINGIR，《卢伽娜物语》！
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出门在外也不愁《愚昧年代》The Age of Stupid 观后感……
一直想写篇关于《愚昧年代》The Age of Stupid（2009）的观后感……/cover/p/pdpyt53d77woy1b.html?vid=8ttU5hVT9Op/show/uot6ibGDGNnTXVb0.html 看过海报上主演皮特·波斯特尔斯怀特（奥斯卡奖提名演员）那削平了脑袋冒着滚滚地浓烟，以及一副无可奈何的表情，或许您已经意识到这是部控诉石油产业给我们未来带来的生活环境灾难的影片……影片透过宇宙大爆炸，地球经历了漫长的岁月才积累形成的资源与环境，正因人类的自私，短视及贪婪，在短短一百来年时间，借助科技的不断发展毫无顾忌地截取掠夺性开发，破坏以及浪费…… 展示了石油这种闻着都充满金钱味道的“地球宝藏”，非但没能使我们摆脱贫困，反而成为政治家们角逐的利器和借口！表面上它能给人类生活带来便捷和温暖，然而附带更多的是战争！疾病！环境污染！以及气候变暖所导致的全球性灾难……拼途网友回复：影片展示了未来全球性灾难的图景：泰晤士河上涨，伦敦摩天轮倒下，拉斯维加斯成了荒漠，悉尼歌剧院在燃烧，印度泰姬陵被淹没，世界最大冰川消失…… 借助这些图景强烈的视觉表现警醒世人，警醒政治家们关注对气候变化！减少对石油以及衍生产品的依赖！否则2055年地球将是个满目疮痍的景象……拼途网友回复：回复 百叶窗 的帖子言归正传，这里是户外论坛，跟大家推荐篇有关环保话题的影片有着密切的关系。相信每一个户外爱好者都不希望看见日渐消融的雪山和冰川…… 真心希望，这样的一部电影能真正让人们的环保意识转化为环保行动。树立新的环保理念，使之付诸行动……拼途网友回复：回复 百叶窗 的帖子先由个人上的工作接触来抛砖引玉下……由于科技的限制，户外服装材质，虽然大多数还在使用石油的衍生产品——化纤原料。 但最近越来越多致力于环保事业的户外品牌，如Patagonia/Timberland/Smartwool等在不断倡导地球资源的可持续发展，建议使用有机棉、麻、竹，毛等天然可再生纤维，目的就是摆脱人类对石油资源的依赖…… 近几年在军方后勤的支持下，培育改良并推广种植汉麻主要应用于我国军队服装的材质。汉麻植物的低碳环保性：不与粮、棉、油争地，对土质要求不高，可减少化肥、农药的使用。汉麻纤维独特的吸湿快干、透气、抑菌、防霉、抗紫外辐射、吸附异味、天然绿色等功能，一改以往对天然纤维不具备功能性的认知。拼途网友回复：回复 百叶窗 的帖子再拿Smartwool的美丽诺羊毛来举例，与石油化工合成纤维生产做对比：拼途网友回复：回复 百叶窗 的帖子 透过以上几幅对比，一目了然！那种材质对您的身体以及我们所生活的环境更加有利呢？ 在此也希望听听大家对天然纤维在户外服装材质里运用的见解？ 当然环保的话题还有很多，也欢迎在此讨论？比如我们可以减少私家车的出行，减少塑料制品的使用，节制不必要的采购，杜绝浪费等等，等等…… 借用影片里一句话：“Why didn't we save ourselves when we had the chance?”我们为什么不在我们还有机会的时候拯救我们自己？ 或许我们现在可以开始做点什么？ 谢谢所下载的影片并转载……拼途网友回复：此贴深入，值得关注拼途网友回复：使用天然材料并不意味着就是环保,使用再生原料也不意味着就是环保,天然材料的染色 各种功能处理,所涉及的环境污染其实也不小,再生材料目前多数还是很多商家的卖点或者可以装扮企业文化的宣传.目前个人比较容易做到的环保还是大家秉着节约的精神,减少各种浪费吧.拼途网友回复：环保也是一个随着科技改变人类生活在不断进步的产业......之前是染色技术落后，导致染色后将废水排放到河流当中，造成的污染......现如今除了Bluesign和Oeko-Tex这些认证的工厂及产品外，很多国家也在制定污染排放标准，比如服饰产品中不得含偶氮，欧盟所建立了REACH的检测标准等等，都是为最终做到零排放或友好型排放建立可持续性发展的生产模式......越来越多的知名品牌一方面在鼓励人们消费，一方面也不得不顾忌媒体的穷追猛打，顾忌自身的社会责任和“光辉”形象，宣称自己没有对环境造成重大污染，不得不接受或者承诺若干年做到零排放或友好型排放......中国是生产并且是出口大国，除解决自身消费的产品生产过程中造成的排放，也在为那些发达国家穷奢极侈的消费挥霍资源，也在为国外生产制造承担着繁重的排放任务......除了如你所说减少不必要的浪费就是最好的环保之外，也觉得有必要慢慢理解并接受哪些是能改变我们周围环境的生活方式......希望我们的认知和消费习惯能改变或者减缓周遭环境的恶化，我想是这部电影创作的初衷......拼途网友回复：晚上下来看看这些再生材料,在生产等过程中还是会造成污染等问题.我认为最有效的方法还是从生活中的一点一滴做起,例如:下班后把公司排插 电脑及时关掉. 洗衣时节约一点用水.衣服不能穿了,带回给农村孩子二次利用等等来得实在.
HikeIntheSecondFrontierLineInthedawn,itisverycloudyandyoucanseetheskycoversthegreycitylikeabigpanbottom,reallynotanicedayforclimbingorhiking.IhesitateforawhileifIshallcanceltoday'soutdooractivity,whilesittinginthebed,dumbandsleepy.Afully-packedbagisstandinginthecornerlongingforbeingshoulderedandsport'ssuithangseagerlyfromwall-nail."Sotheyweredone,Ihavetogo."Itellmyself,lookingcomplaininglyandthoroughlyatthethickcloudsfloatingabovetheroofoftheoppositehouse,whichindicatethepreludeofrains.Itakebus#211asusual.AlmosteverytimethehikerswithheavybigpackercanbefoundinboardthankstotheonlybusleadingtoavillagebytheWutongHill.Dismaycausedbyworseclimateistakenplacebyjoyfortherearesome"comrades"inthesamebuswithsamedestinationthoughwithoutacquaintance.AtthelegofHill,everybodyseemscheerful.Groupsofhikersscatterinthevillage.Shopkeeperslaughbiggerlaughtersbecausetheirbusinessisaliveagainafter5depressedanddesolatedweekdays.IfindmyteaminthethronginggroupsbycryingoutthenameofteamleadercalledMr.BenPig,whofinallyturnsupinlastminutewithafreshgirl.Hecanalwayshavefunininitiatinganactivity,climborhikebecausehisinvisiblemottomarksindisputably:thereisahike,thereisabeauty.Forfewteamleaders,Abeautyisbeautifulonlyifshehassomecharmingqualifications:fragileandweakwithfoggyeyebrowsandmoisteyesandlikestohandouthersofthandstobehelped.She'dbetterbesecondonecountingfromtheendofteam.Theresponsibilityforcarecertainlyfallsontothetailone,i.e,theleader,whointhissenseiscalled"BeautyPicker".Ihaveeverbeenafaithfulbelieverof"HikingLove"twoyearsago.WhenIhiked,Ihadasecretexpectationthatonenicemanwouldfallinlovewithme.Inthefirsttime,Inthesecondtime,anythinghasnothappened.Inthethirdtime,neither."Ishalltrytobe“secondone”laggingbehindbutIjustcannot!"Imockatmyselfthenlaughitaway.Graduallymyrestlessheartissettleddowninitspeacefulnestandthesillyone-sideinfatuationvaporizelikeadropofmorning'sdew.Now,Iamsatisfiedandhappyinanyteam,laughingmerrily,singingloudly,dancinginecstasy,meltingwithnature,forgettingallunhappiness.Now,likeeveryteammate,atthesametime,amlikedbythem.Thatisenough,really.Natureshowsharmonyineveryappeal.Windturnstobetenderlikethehandsoffairylady.Thereisadrizzleflyingleisurelyinamelodiousstyle.Everyleavegreensitslifewhilemakingawholehillgreeninhill'slife.Aclusterofazaleasatallofasuddeninbendofwaystretchouttosayhellotousinitspurpleskirts.Itseemstobelovedbyallcreaturesaround.Butterfliesimitateherpetals’Beesvisitwithtransparentwingshersmilingpistils…Itouchherfragrancewithsmallnostrils.HavenotideashowmuchtimewearonuntilIfeelalittlebithungry.Thehungeriscontagious.Soon,allteammates'stomachdesiretobefilledafterabout10kilometers'hikealongthestonyroadofsecondfrontierdefence.Undoubtedly,everyteamhasitsstrongesthikerwhonotonlyhasspiritualleadershipforscheduleordirectionbutalsonevergivesupinfrontofhungertete-a-tete.LaoZiisthiskindofperson.Currentlywearepassinganarmytraincenterofamilitarybase.Bravelyfacingatthemadroarsofmilitarydogsatintruders,LaoZi,asexcitedasgoingtohugapileofgold,pouncesonabaffleplateasabarricadewhichstandsin2metres,thengraspsthetopoftheboard,switcheshisbodyagilelyintheair,jumpsbacktothegroundintheothersideofthisbaffleplatein2seconds...Itisquiteahighlightedscene,howeverourattentionsareattractedbyasmellofroastedmeat.Asnose-sensitiveasthosedogs,wecatchamilitarykitchen.Eyesshiningandsalivagenerating,wegazeatbigdishesofredmeatsandgreenvegetables,whichsoonholdbackfromencounteringsolemneyesightsofsoldierswhotakechargeofNo.10troop'sdiets.Inthesecondthought,agroupofothersoldiersaretrainedoutsideintheplayground.Wecanseetheirgunsandelectronicbars.Weflee...InXiKengVillage,webuyupthelast4pcs"No.1PancakeUnderTheSky"inaveryshabbyshop.Everybodysatisfywithadecentbitof16pancake.Afterlunch,wereturnandpassthemilitarybaseagain.LisaandIsecretlyaskanamiablesoldier,"Couldyousellussomevegetablesyougrow?"Thevegetableissofreshintherainunderneaththehouse,evenmorecharmingthanflowersforwebearinmindtheunavailabilityof"freshness"insupermarket."Notforsale.weplantthemforourown.Ifyoulike,youcangodowntopickupsomeyourselves.Butpleaserememberpickonlyoneortwoineachpatch,donotmakeavisibleclearinginthevegetableswhichwillbeinspectedbyoursuperiorseverymorning."Thesoldierrepliedinalowvoice.SoLisaandIpluckspinachescarefullyinordernottobreaktheintegralityofcrops..Thesespinachesintwogirls'heartaretoday'sproudestharvestsinceourscheduled"溯溪"iscancelleddueto2Koreansinourteamstumbleandkeep"losingtheirfeet"attheverybeginningoftracingabrookwhichissourcingfromWutongHillTop.Thefactshows:Thehikingstyleiscultivatedbyitsnatives.TheKoreanisnotgoodatourso-called"溯溪”fortheyliveintheplain.Ontheotherhand,theyattheageofforties,alwayshikefaraheadofusinthe20Kilometers'frontierroad.EvenLaoZicannotcatchupwiththem.Irespectandlikethem,exceptforthemaleonekeepshorninghiscarimpatientlywhensendingushome,whichalsoremindsusthetrafficsituationinSZbecomesworse.Inthewayback,Sonicdoeseverypatternofphysicalexercises--twistinghisarms,bendinghiswaist,stretchinghislegsandsoonwhichpeopleonlydowiththehelpofinstrumentsinGThestrongguy--Mr.Inflation,andMr.OldForest,one"thick"andtheother"thin",bothvigorous,oftensitonthestone-laidgroundinthemiddleofroadwaitingforus.Iffar-sight,they,movelessandsurroundedbyendlessgreen,lookliketwostatuesofThinkerorMeditatingGod.Alsowecanoftenmeetintheroadwithteamsof100KMMFRacepre-hikers.Weshakehandswiththementhusiastically,slaptheirshouldertenderlyandencouragethemloudly.TheviewisasstimulantasArmy’JoiningForces会师.Mostofourteammates,secretlyaregladnottoenrollintheRacewhichwillmaketoday'smetershipquintupling.Benandhisnewgirlfriend,howeverarenotcountedin.WecomeintoagreementthatthebeginningpointofMeiLin(梅林)willinitiatetheirlove,theterminationofDaMeiSha(大梅沙)willwitnesstheirwedding.Nothingisimpossible,includingthefashionable"LightingSpeed".Everybodycheerupintheinterestingconjecture.Thenewcoupleshowsonlyafurryembarrassmentatthejoke,stillhandinhand.ZeroPointtellsmeherexperiencesinTibet,sovividthatIfeelIamstandinginthesmellystreetofLaSha.TheimpressionofMt.Everlast,shesays,isverysimilartoahugegreyrockleaningthere,nothingspecial,notmorebeautifulthanothermountains...Welaugh,under-consciouslydonotthinkhighlyoftheHolyMountanylonger...WevisitaSeedlingNursery苗圃.Underagrapery-vinedshelf,twospiritstovesareproppedup(IalwaysbelievethepossessionpercentageofthiskindofHikingStoveinSZrankshighestoverChineseothercities,foralotofyoungpeopleinSZhavenothomewithawarmkitchenyet);Apotofcoffeeandacupofteaareboiledandwillsoonnourishallthirstydonkeys.Thesmellofteaandcoffeemingle,riseandmeltaway.Soforthaweekendgoes.||P.S:受一驴友的鼓舞,更兼心血来潮,昨日执笔重操洋文笔记;记得也是去年这时候曾发痴在MF写过一篇,没有什么人看,这篇也定当如此,只想每日中式菜吃久了,偶尔上一道英式菜,虽说有些涩,然配料简单,记流水帐,端上来倒比中式省时,故不吃任其凉下去也使得,乃自励娱己而已,应不会落得个驱逐出境的下场吧。我想,有没可能有朝一日MF会走上国际化的道路---似乎很遥远,但又不是遥不可及。另外有个问题想请教斑竹或管理员:如何在编辑这种英文格式时使右边的都对整齐来,或者编辑器暂没有设这个“两端对齐”的功能?||tete-a-tete这是什么?||不错,不错。友Grethel也刚写了篇流水帐,一并贴上。hikeinthemountainofVail,Colorado.IjustcamebackfromColorado.Iwasthereforalmostaweek.Acombinationofworkandpleasure.Pleasure??Idon'tknowmyleftfoothasalotofblistersandcutsIinjuredmyrightknee.Iamstillalivethoughhuhuhuh.Igotthemfromhiking.Stupidme,IhikedbymyselfthoughthetrailisfriendlyenoughconsideringthisisaserioushikeIeverdidinmylife.IhikedinthemountainofVail,Colorado.Myfriend,youareright.Thefeelingwhenyouareontopofthemountainandbewithmothernatureisunexplainable.Ican'tdescribethewonderfulfeeling.WhengoingdownwhereIgottheinjuries.EitherIcan'texplainthefeeling.Attheendofthejourneyitsacombinationfeelingofsatisfactionandpain.Ithinkthisisjustaneasyhikeforyou.IneedaseminarfromyouwhenIcomeShenzhen.IwillgobacktoPIbytheendoftheyear.Iwillgovisityou.WhenyougobackhereintheUSyoushouldgotoColorado.Ireallyrecommendit.yousaidmyfaultforoneIshouldbephysicallyfit.thisisright.IbelieveIshouldhavelostsomepoundsbeforeandifIwouldbedoingthiskindofstuff.IhopeIcangobackthereinthewintertimeanddoski.ButthistimeIshouldenrolinskischool.-------------------------------------------------------------------||法式英语,大概相当于:facetoface.非常感谢西边雨能够迅速详细地阅读此篇流水帐。||”有没可能有朝一日MF会走上国际化的道路---似乎很遥远,但又不是遥不可及”---------想想:MF要是能有个简单的英文版块,有国外的HIKER来当版主,很不错的说。。。||实际上是我忘了山脚下怎么说,字典里竟没有,故灵机一动,糊了过去,嘿嘿,这个是正确的吗?告诉我正确的那个吧。另,驴式英语以讲生动为厚道也,哈哈。此外,请大家看到什么疏漏的地方一定要指出,才能共同进步投你的国际友人Grethel一票先。严重支持Eng.Corner&~~Hiker,“HIKE”源起于国外,若能因此借鉴一些国际友人的经验,企不是大快人心,顺带一个提议而已,表拍我,我闪||Ithinkthebestthingabouthikingisthat,whenyouthinkitisoutofwhatyoucanreach,youcannotmakeit,andthenyoujustmakeit!!!Oh,howmuchIenjoythiskindoffeeling!||therootofmoutain?||downinthevalley||靠,真强,江山代有才人出,各领风骚数百年。||Iamverylikethisarticle,Ithinkthatsimplenessisthemostbeautiful,thereisnogodintheworld,butsimplenessis.byit,wewillgotohappiness.||iamverylike?youconfusedme.||只要采用中国人正常的思维就可以理解。还有楼主这句:HavenotideashowmuchtimewearonuntilIfeelalittlebithungry.是不是有问题啊?||记得2月南方周末有篇文章说过教育界人士钱理群先生的一番话,歪曲一下就是:读书,读书嘛,要注重其精神实质,语言技巧是用于烘托文章的灵魂。:))英文那笔歪过来,这笔斜过去,看得头晕了呵呵,中文亿岁亿亿岁!!||平淡如佛wrote:Iamverylikethisarticle,Ithinkthatsimplenessisthemostbeautiful,thereisnogodintheworld,butsimplenessis.byit,wewillgotohappiness.iamverylike?youconfusedme.小西:thankyou,itisfrombeer.heihei..........||学到一个新词||我自己是很喜欢一些法式英语,也许不应该叫法式英语,他们本来就是法语单词,例如coupdefoudre.看到你这个很是惊喜。要学会。其实不仅法语单词,还有其他语言的单词转化为英语我都很喜欢,英语吸纳了大量的外国单词,很多,也许操英语的人都不知道。||磨房国际化----OK英文中国化或磨房化-----不要吧||考虑过论坛界面的多语言问题,后来因为需求并不显得强烈而搁置了。我倒是真的收到过国际友人关于磨房论坛界面单一中文化缺陷的正式抱怨,不过当时心里真的是大喜的一下……如果出现一个英文的讨论区,肯定又要出现“不接受中文ID报名”的问题||是啊,搞中英文双版本吧,我在国外旅行的时候,想登陆磨坊很难,要看运气,当时我就很渴望磨坊有英文版本||IamquiteshockedbyMoonmm'stalent.weusedtohiketogetheronce.Ialwaysreadherarticlesinthisforum.tobehonest,IdoadmirehergreatexcellenceonwritinginChinese,neverthoughtsheisevensotalentedtowriteinEnglishaswell.ToMOONmm:youarereallyaGenius!||Your'reagenius,ButI狂晕.||Doesn'tthewriterwantustotalkinEnglishhere?Comeon,let'sjustspeakEnglishhere.||Oh,mygod.It'stoohardtounderstand.
Iliketodrive,walk,climbandchatwitheducatedpeople,butIdonotknowhowtoj0inthem.MYmailbox:||Checkthefollowingsectionsandreplyamessageunderwhicheveractivityyou'dliketojoinandmeettheeducatedpeople:【相约同行】【长假远行】【自驾之路】MakesureyoureadthroughtheFAQofDoyouhike.netBTW,whatisyourcriteriafortheeducated?||Welcometojoinus!!!||Youcanclickthis:http:www.doyouhike.netforumtopic_show.cgi?id=17800&h=1&bpg=1&age=30||hey,comeonin!thisisKevinwelcominguonbehalfoftheTangAssociation!http:www.doyouhike.netforumtopic_show.cgi?id=17891&h=1&bpg=1&age=30
IthasbeenalongtimeformeandmywifetodreamofhavingatravelinParis.Dreamsmaybecometruesometimebecauseeverydoghasitsday.Asummerjobearnedushundredsbulkswhichguaranteeactualizationofourdreamonafirmbasis.Althoughkindofexhaustedafterthreeweeks’burdensomephysicalwork,wewerepleasedtoplantomoveourassclumsilytoParis.I.Pre-TravelWenevertraveledtoasuperbigcityinEuropesincecominghere.TwobiggercitiesweeverbeenareBrusselsandAmsterdam,whichcannotbecomparedwithParis,oneofthebiggestcitiesintheworld.FortunatelymanyinternetsurferswhoeverbeentoParisornotprovideabundantinformationconcerningtravelinParis.Therewegotsufficientsupport.1.TransportationonthewayHereitdoesnotrefertothetransportationinParis,buttothetransportationtoParis.IcanonlygettwowaystoParis,trainandbus.Takingbusischeaper,halfpriceoftakingtrain.However,itcostsyoumoretime,tripletimesthantrain.Weighingtheprosandcons,consideringmywife’scarsicknesswegotlittlechoice.ThalyscandeliveryoutoParisinonehourandtwentyminutesatthepriceofabout100bulks.Yeah,itismoreexpensive,butitismorecomfortableandlesstime-consuming.2.AccommodationHereisanotherimportantmatterwhichshouldbedealtwithbeforetrip.Hereagain,everythingisontheinternet.Lookingupintotensoftourismwebsites,westoppedattheofficialwebsiteofParisTourismOffice.Itgaveusmorecredibility.Youshouldbeverycarefulwhenusingyourcreditcardandcreditcardisnecessaryforreservinghotel.AnotherissuewhichhastobetakenintoconsiderationisthatthiswebsiteprovidesChineselanguage.SoonlaterwefoundahotelclosetoLaffayette,fiveminuteswalkingawayfrommetro.Anditspriceofcontainingbreakfastattractedussomuch.Wealmosthadnohesitationtochooseit.Firsttimetousecreditcardstressedournerve.Butthephonecallonedayafterreservationrelaxedus.Anyway,cheatersofcreditcarddidnothaveachancetocloseus.3.TravelScheduleParisisahugecitywithhundredssightseeing,bigorsmall.ItisnotLeuvenwhereyoutourwithoutmap.Andyoucannotlookaroundallthesightseeingatonetime.Youhavetomakeachoicewhattoseeandwhatnot.Afour-dayplandidnotgiveustwomuchchoices.Themostfamoustourismsites,suchasLouvre,Eiffel,ArcdeTriumph,ParisOpera,PlacedeConcordeandseveralmuseums,werepreferredbeyondanydoubt.Anintensivetourschedulecameupalmostinnotime.ItwaskindofapitythatwehavetodigoutParisinonlyfourdays.Nevertheless,ifyoulookatitinanotherwaythatwouldnotbeasorrysinceourbodiescannotholdusforwalkingonemoreday.Lateryouwillseeourproof.4.TransportationinParisHerecameupanotherproblem.Aswesaidbefore,Parisisasuperhugecitywhereyoucannotalwayswalkfromheretothere.Publictransportationisnecessaryallthetime,forexamplefromrailwaystationtohotel,fromhoteltosightseeingandfromonesightseeingtoanother,whichisaproblemyoucanneveravoidinabigcity.Fortunatelyweonlygotlet’ssayfourchoices:weekpass,Parispass,daypassand10carnet.AfterhavingavirtualtouronthemapofParis,wefoundthatweonlyneed11tripsbymetroandinothertimeyouhavetowalkbyfootallthetimesincesightseeingisclosetoeachother.Welldone,10carnetisthemostefficientchoice.Moneyhastobespentinthemosteconomicwaywhichwastaughtbyaclasslastsemester.II.In-TravelUntilthenthetravelwaswellprepared.Itistimetopack,withdrawcashtypicalChinesewayandgetontheway.1.TheFirstDay19AugustThalysholdsastrictruleofcompulsoryreservation,whichmeansyoucannotmissyourtrainundernormalconditions.Wegotupveryearlyinthemorning,asearlyasthetimewegotupforwork.BeingafraidofmissingthetraininBrusselsZuid,wearrivedtherefortyminutesbeforedeparture.10minuteslaterwegotonboardand80minuteslaterwesetourfeetinGaredeNordParisNord.VisiblesignsofParismetro,whichIwillmentionlater,madeusnodifficultytoreachtheclosestoptoourhotel.Thenwastwoandahalfhourbeforecheckingintime.WekilledthattimeinParisOpera.ParisOperaistheoldestoperainFrance.Luxuriousdecorationisitscharacteristic.MoneymusthavecomefromtheindemnityofthetwoOpiumwars,aswasalwaysatwife’stongue.Thestrongestimpressionwasfromitsrestinghall.Itsfourwallsareoccupiedbyrelieves,paintingsandpendantlights.Twobigclocksfacetoeachotheratbothsidesofthehall.Theadorationofgoldishighlyembodiedinthishall.Asnapshotwouldblindyoureyes.MagnificentistheonlywordIcanimaginetodescribethishall.WhatcanIFrenchstyleofmagnificentandChinesewouldneverusethismodel.TwomuchlavishnesswouldholdChinesebreathandIwouldlosemyselfinsuchaplace.Waitingtimeforcheckinginwasusedoutquicklyinthisgreatopera.Thenwewentbacktocheckin.Itwasofsurprisethatthereceptiondidnotaskforanyinformationofus.Afterspeakingoutmyname,wegoteverythingtosettledown.Thatissodifferentfromhomeland.Wegotoffagainafteraquickbreak.ThenextdestinationwasLaffayette,themostfamousmarketplacefortouristsinParis.10minuteslatersteppingintoLaffayetteweimmediatelyfoundthebiggestgapbetweenmeandtheworld-famousbrands.Paris,thecapitaloffashion,doesnotbelongtous.Thenthisplacewasleftbehindbyuswithanonsensesigh.ThelastsightseeingtodaywasPompidouMuseum.Itisstrikingforitsstructureofsteelframeandglasswindows.IholdthesamefeelingasParispeoplebeforethatitisnotcompatiblewithParis.Thisisamuseumaccommodatingartofmodernismandpost-modernismofthewhole20century.ItssubjectsofexhibitionarechangedtwiceayearwhichisdifferentfromLouvrewhereyoualmostseethesameobjectseverytime.Whatever,modernism,orpost-modernismisawordofwhichIamsickallthetime.ThesimplereasonisthatIcannotunderstand.Allthesubjectsofartofmodernismarecomingfromkindofpowerfulmotivationofartistswhichisuncertaintothemselvesbeforeoraftercreation,evennottospeakofthethirdparties.Thecurrentthemeisvideomodernism.FrommyperspectivethistimeIsawthesilliestthingsintheworld,someofthemevenstupidinmyeyes.ThefunnystorywouldbethatIfallintosleepwhenseeingapictureshow.Yeah,comfortableseatssittingontheground,darksurroundingsandhypnoticmusicconstituteaperfectplaceforanap.Nothingtocomment,modernismmaybeanareaforgeniuspeopleratherforme.ThatisthepointIgotfromtheartsexhibitedbyPompidou.Well,today’stripendedhere.Onthewaybacktometrostation,wemadeaquicklookatHoteldeVillaCityHallofParisandNortreDame,thoughtheyareonthefourthdayschedule.2.TheSecondDay20AugustThisdaywasthemostexhaustingday.WehadanintensivescheduleforArcofTriumph,Champ-Elysees,PetitPalace,BridgeofAleixandreIII,PlacedeConcorde,JardindesTuileries,MuseumOrsay,PlacedesInvalidesandTourEiffel.Asyoucansee,itwasindeedalongwayandyougotnochoicetomissanyofthem.Gettingupwasfollowedbybreakfast.AfterthatweappearedbeforeArcdeTriomphe.BuiltbyNapoleoncelebratinghisremarkableandlegendarysuccess,ArcofTriumphbecameasymbolofFrance.Althoughitsheightof51metersis15metershigherthanTiananmen,itssizecanneverbecomparedwithTiananmen.Thetwoarchitecturesrepresentthehugeculturaldifferencebetweeneastandwest.Thetickettookmesteppingintosuchtwohundredwhirlstairs.StandingatthetopofArcofTriumphyoulookdownthewholewesternParisincludingallthesightseeingIwillgotoday.TheamusedstorywasthatmyladyboughtasilverpendantofEiffelratherthanArcofTriumph.ThenwesteppedintoAvenueofChamp-Elysees,themostfashionablestreetfortourists.Sincefashionisneverbeingmyconcernbecauseoflackofmoney,Champ-Elyseesturnedintoawalkingstreettothenextstopforus.WewalkedstraightuntiltheappearanceofGrandPalaceandPetitPalace.GrandPalaceisnotvisitable.Fortunatelyitfrontgateisavailablefortakingpictures.AleixandreIIIBridgeislocatedbesidethetwopalaces.TurningbackfromAleixandreIIIBridge,wetookapicturewiththestatuteofChurchillinthefrontofPetitPalace.PetitPalacehasbeenanartmuseumfreeofcharge.Therewasnospecialmemoryforthismuseumexceptonestatue.Itisamarblestatueofabeautifulgirl.Sheislyingdownandseemstobesleeping.Herbodyisshiningunderthesunlightandhersmoothbodycurveisperfect.Icouldseearealsleepingbeauty,whichwasthefirstheartquakebyartwhenIwasinParis.WalkingoutofPetitPalacewithpainfulfeet,wereachedPlacedeConcorde.Therewasnothingspecialbutofastolepolewithagoldenpyramid.Onlyoneoftwofountainswasworking.Nevertheless,itstoppedfountainingwhenwegotclose.ForwardseveralstepsweenteredJardindesTuileries.Theforegonebeautifulandluxurious,Ibet,royalgardenhasbeendisappearedlonglikeYuanmingyuan.Atthismomentitlooksmorelikearelicthanagarden.AfterJardindesTuileriesisLouvre.Buttodayisnothertimeandsowepasseditaway.Crossingtheriverandtakingtheleft,wewereapproachingMuseumOrsay.ThelargeclockonitsfrontwallagainsttheSeineindicatesitsformerfunction,Parisrailwaystation.Therewasnodoubtthathundredsoftouristshavebeengatheredthereforaccess.Intheprocessofaccesswefeltalitofterrorismsinceeverytouristhadtoopenherbagforexamination.HoldingthebadexperienceatPompidouIwaspleasedofthesocalledclassicalartinOrsay.Alotoffamiliarartworksandartistscameupbeforemyeyes.TheartistsareVanHough,Monet,andRodin.Hereshefoundherfavoriteformofart,neo-impressionismwhichwasjokedasdotscombinationbyme.Wewereenjoyingwanderingthereuntilitwasclosed.ThetimespentinOrsaywassolongthatwehadnotimetovisitPlacedesInvalidestheclosetimeofwhichisaround6pm.Ithadbeenclosedfor20minuteswhenwegotitstickettable.Itwasofpitythatweonlytookseveralpicturesfromoutside.PainfullegsmadeusnottomoveanymoreandrelaxationinthegardenofPlacedesInvalideswasinterruptedbythegardener.ThenwedecidedtostepforwardtoTourEiffel.WethoughtwecouldfindaMacDonald’sorQuickforabreak.WeperceivedtheimpossibilityofthisidealaterwhenwesawEiffelwasbiggerandbigger.StandingatthefootofEiffelwewerebesidethousandsoftourists,whichwasasituationI’veneverseensinceIleftfromChina.Afteralmostonehourwewerepushedtotheticketservice.However,asighthatyounormallyhavetowaitforhalfanhourfromthislinedisappointedmesomuch.Atthemeantimeanothermiserywasthattheticketfortopfloorwasclosedfornoreason.Itmeanteitherwegotnochancetothetopfloororwecouldbuysuchticketatsecondfloor.Ok,wearebeingatthefootofEiffelandevensettingafootonitisnotabadchoice.Thetopfloorisnotsoimportant.Welinedupatthesecondfloorassoonaspossiblewhenwegotouttheelevator.Itwasindeedahardtimetolineupforthetopfloor.Itwasalmostonehourthatwespentontheline.ThreehourslatersincewequeueduponthegroundwefinallystoodonthetopofEiffel.HereyoucoulduseyoureyestotoucheverypointofParis.IsawthelongandexhaustingwaywewalkedforthewholedaybeginningfromArcofTriumphtoEiffel.ThatwasanexpeditionandImadeit.ThatisthepointIgotfromTowerEiffeltheimportanceofwhichisnolessthantheLongMarch.3.TheThirdDay21AugustAfteratiringdaytripwewerebothexhaustedsothatwakingupwasat10am.WewereonthewaytoLouvrestillwiththefatiguefromyesterday.Hereisoneofthemostfamousartmuseumsintheworld.Asisalwayssaidthatamateurwantstobeprofessionalallthetime,werentanaudioguidehopingforafurtherunderstandingofLouvre.Knowingthatwecouldnotvisitthewholemuseuminsixhours,wewentstraighttoMonaLisa.Thisroomwascrowdedandthereisabaratthefrontofthepaintingwhichstopsadultguys’comingcloser.StandingbehindthebarthenIbeganalessclosecontactwiththismysteriouswoman.Thispainingistoofamoustobeunknown.TakingthenovelandtherecentmovieofTheDaVinciCodeintoconsideration,noonewoulddenyitisthemostfamouspaintinginhistory.Tomeitisnotthepaintingitselfbutthestorybehindthispaintingthatcaughtmyheart.Itssmallsizedidnotdisappointmeatall,atleastnotasmuchasthatofthepissingboydidtomeinBrussels.Iwassickofthattoocrowdedroomafterawhile.Soweleft.ThenextstopshouldhavebeenthestatueofVenus.However,facingaseaofpaintingsurroundedwechangedourstrategyanddecidedtoviewoilpaintingsfirst.Thingsareoutofplanalways.AftercarefullyviewinghundredsofpaintingwefoundthatitwasimpossibletogoaroundLouvreatsuchspeed.Therefore,ourstrategywaschangedagain.Wechosetoseeonlythepaintingsontheaudioguide.Evenactinglikethatwecannotgiveanypaintingtoomuchtime.Thereasonwasverysimplethatthereweretoomanyfamouspaintings.Hereagainreschedulehappenedthatpaintingsandnototherswerethefirstchoice.Fourorfivehourslater,wehadscannedalltheimportantpaintingsfromwhateverearlycenturiesuntil19thcentury,fromItalytoFrance,fromFrancetoSpain,fromSpaintoGermany,fromGermanytoNetherlandsandFlanders.Thatwasanextraordinaryexperience.Paintingtimewasoverandvisitingtimewasclosetoover.WehadtoflytothestatueofVenuswhichwasanobjectyoucouldnotmissinLouvre.Wewalkedveryfastuntilseeingagroupofpeoplegatheringbeforeadoor.InsideisVenus.Ihavetoadmitthatarealstatuecouldshowusmorethanitspictureonthebooksdoes.Herbeautyisundescribableasyoucanneverexplainwhyyoufallintolovewithyourlover.Whentalkingaboutpaintings,Chineseareasgoodaswesternbecauseofdifferentstyles.Nevertheless,concerningstatuefrommyperspectiveChinesecannotbecomparedwithwestern.NexttoVenusinanotherroom,wesawMichelangelo,ofcourseitishisworkofSlaveries.ItisdefinitelynotthesymbolicworkofMichelangelo.Ididnotgettoomuchfeelingfromit.NeitherdidRaffaello.AnywayLouvredoesnotowneverything.Hearingfromtheradiothatvisitingtimeisover,wehadtoleavewitharegretnotviewingalltheartworks.ThenextwasSacre-CoeruBasilica,anothersymbolofParis.ItislocatedonthetopofButteMontmartre,thepeakofParis.HereyoucanseethedistinctstylesofByzantine.Domesareusedmoreoftenunderthisstyle.Insideyoucanseeamosaicintheapse,entitledChristinMajesty,themostclassicexpressionofTrinityinFrenchway.Inaddition,thebasilicacomplexincludesagardenformeditation,withafountain,whichisasiteIsuggestyoumustgo.Anotherthingwasthatwebegantocollectmemorialcoinsofsightseeingfromhere.ItwasnotverylateafterthevisitofScare-CoeruBasilica.SowegottimetohavealookatMoulinRougeRedWindmill.ThehomonymousmovietakesthefameofthisplacetotheworldwhichturnsMoulinRougeintoanotherplaceinParisyoucannotmiss.Frighteningofitshighvalueofticketweonlygotachancetoseetheredwindmillonitsroof.Sodidalotofothertourists.Itwasthelasttoursitebeforesleep.4.TheLastDay22AugustThefirstthingwastocheckoutandtakeourluggagetoParisNordforstore.Itdidtakealongtimetofindthestoreplaceinstationbecauseoftheunclearsign.Anywaywemadeitfinally.TakingmetrotoBastille,weseteyesonthecelebratedplace.TheprisonhasbeenfallenintoruininFrenchRevolution.Amemorialandanoperaweresetuptoreplacetheformerprison.Alotofstorieswererecalledbythisplace.ThisfirstofcoursewasLesMiserables.SowecametoMaisondeVictorHugo.ItwastheresidenceofVictorHugoandisamuseumofHugonow.Youcanimaginewhatwesawhere,somethingnotimportant.However,onethingwhichhastobementionedhereisthatoneofroomsisfurnituredinChinesestyle.PleasedonotaskmewhysinceIdonotknoweither.MaybeitmeansChineseinfluenceinParisin19thcentury.Herewegotoursecondmemorialcoin.NortreDamecameupagain.ThelonglinetothebelltowerdiscouragedustofollowthestepsofQuasimodo.Thenweenteredthiscathedral.Itperhapsisoneofthemostfamouscathedralintheworldandthemostfamousoneforthefolk.ItisatypicalGothicarchitecturewithflyingbuttress.Itsstainedglassesshowtheheaveinfluenceofnaturalism.Besides,alotofrelicsarereservedthereandsomeofthemareevenfirst-classrelics.Nevertheless,donotexpecttoseeHolyRelichere.TheyarefromSaintsratherthanJesus.AftergettingenoughCatholicenlightenment,wewereheadingtoHotelduPantheon.ItisknownoftheburialplaceofmanyVIPs,suchasRousseau,Voltaire,Hugo,Mr.andMrs.Curieandsoon.IwashighlyexcitedthatIwouldseethemostrespectablephilosopherinhistoryfrommyperspective,Rousseau.IalmostreadallhisliteratureofwhichDiscourseontheBasisandOriginofInequalityofMenandTheSocialContractaremyfavoriteever.Istoodbeforehiscoffinforalongtimemeditatinghisimmortalideaandhislegendarypast.Picturesweretakenaroundhissleepingplacefromeveryangle.SometimesIevenperceivedanideathatIcametoParisonlyforhim.Yeah,havingreadinghisworkformorethan10yearsmadehimbeafriendalready.Theonlypityiswecouldnotbeborncontemporarilysothatitisofimpossibilitytoseehimfacetoface.Hisbrilliantargumentswere,areandwillbeshininginmyheart,paredwithRousseau,Ispentlesstimeonapproachingothercelebrities.BeingreluctanttopartwithHotelduPantheon,wesetourtargetonJardindeLuxembourg.Bathingintherareafternoonsunlightwehadanicebreakthere.ThenwehadaquickdinnerinQuick.Thelastdestination,tourcruise,wascoming.Onehourrivertripwasmorethanasummaryofthepassedfourdays.Werevisitedeveryplacewehadbeenfromadifferentangle.AndtheimpressionofParisstoppedtherealso.III.Post-TripThalystookusbacktoBrusselsMidiandbyachangetrainwecamebackinLeuvenatmidnight.Busservicehadstoppedoperationforlong.Sowehadnothingtodobutwalkhome.LeuvenwasnicerthanParis.Itisquietersincetherearenotoomanytourists.Therearenotoomanycarsonthestreetsoyoucancrossthestreetinanyplaceatanytime.Adifferentlifeiswaitingforme.P.S.:Picturearereferredtohttp:smilemuer.||::safa看起来有点像论文的格式:gg||::pass||天哪,看英文好累哦!::sad||:cry:::pass||阅读理解啊,不过真的不错::lf||阅读理解啊,不过真的不错::lf
:-x人们为什么喜欢恐怖的东西,为什么平和美好的日子里,要去想象恐怖,血腥的东西,还看得津津乐道?!:27看得我好不舒服。大家,都喜欢吗?我不喜欢恐怖,外星,异型,鬼片。你们呢?||:cry:不喜欢个人喜欢喜剧和革命影片||支持超级无敌海景大帅哥汤姆克鲁斯||他老了。。。。想当年他演afewgoodmen的时候偶第一眼看见他就被迷倒了||还是历史剧有底蕴!!!||:cry:||我还是要去看得,就冲着老汤帅哥!||看还是要看的,就冲里面那个小小美女我也要去看:5||啊?那个小女孩算美女吗?那么小居然有眼带了....||啊?那个小女孩算美女吗?那么小居然有眼带了....[quote]真假?上次在电影院看预告的时候还真米注意:gg就记得她在uptowngirl里面表演很出色||鄙视楼主的行为啊,我还没看过呢,8要透露内幕:-x:-x:-x
Part1:Forthousandsofyears,therewasanancientroadtreadedbyhumanfeetandhorsehoofsinthemountainsofSouthwestChina,bridgingtheChinesehinterlandandtheQinghai-TibetPlateau.Alongtheunpavedandoftenruggedroad,tea,saltandsugarflowedintoTibet,whilehorses,cows,furs,muskandotherlocalproductscameout.Theancientcommercialpassage,dubbedtheAncientTeaandHorseRoad,firstappearedduringtheTangDynasty618-907,andlasteduntilthe1960swhenTibetanhighwayswereconstructed.Meanwhile,theroadalsopromotedexchangesinculture,religionandethnicmigration,resemblingtherefulgenceoftheSilkRoad.Theroadstretchedacrossmorethan4,000kilometersmainlyinSouthwestChina'sSichuanandYunnanprovincesandtheTibetanAutonomousRegion.JustastheSilkRoad,theAncientTeaandHorseRoaddisappearedwiththedawnofmoderncivilization,butbothrouteshaveplayedveryimportantrolesinthedevelopmentofChina.DifferentChineseethniccultures,suchastheDai,Yi,Han,Bai,NaxiandTibetans,havemet,fusedanddevelopedalongthehistoricroad.TheroadranacrosstheHengduanMountainsandtheQinghai-TibetPlateau--anareaofthemostcomplicatedgeologicalconditionsandmostdiversifiedorganisms.Besidesitsculturalandhistoricvalue,theroadwasalsohighlyappreciatedbyadventurersandscientists.TeaandhorsesblazedthewayAccordingtoTibetanclassics,peopleoftheTibetanethnicgroupinwesternSichuanProvinceandnorthwesternYunnanProvincehadaccesstofamoustypesofteafromtheCentralPlainsduringtheTangDynasty.IntheSongDynasty960-1279,peopleofYunnanandSichuanprovincesexchangedteaforTibetanhorses.Ononehand,theeffectsofteainpromotingdigestionandeliminatinggreasefromeatingtoomuchmeatluredmanyTibetans.Notonlythenobles,butalsothegeneralpopulacetookdelightindrinkingtea.Ontheotherhand,horseswerealsoveryimportantfortheHanpeople.Theresultwastheflourishingofthetea-horsetrade.AccordingtosomewhohadoncetraveledalongtheAncientTeaandHorseRoad,Pu'erteaismostfavoredbytheTibetanpeople.SincethebutterteamadeofPu'erteaishighlyesteemedbothintasteandcolor,itwasnamedafteritsproducingarea--Pu'erCountyinYunnanProvince,whichisoneofthecradlesofChina'steaculture.DuringtheTangDynasty,Pu'erteawasgrowninareasflankingtheLangcangjiangRiver.Itwasdescribedashavingabittertasteatfirst,thensweet.DuringtheWorldWarII,whenMyanmarfellintothehandsoftheJapanese,theYunnan-MyanmarHighway--thenChina'sonlyinternationalthoroughfare--wascutoff.TheAncientTeaHorseRoad,extendingfromLijianginYunnan,toKangdinginXikang,andthentoTibetandevenfurtherintoIndia,wasrevivedandbecameamajortraderoute.WiththeopeningoftheYunnan-TibetanandSichuan-Tibetanhighwaysinthe1960s,theroaddeclined.Somesectionsofthefamousroad,however,arestillusedfortransportpurposes.Today,theroadcomestotheforeagainwiththedevelopmentoftourisminYunnanandSichuanprovinces,aswellasintheTibetanAutonomousRegion.Theroadpassesthroughsubtropicalforestsandpicturesquelakesandturbulentrivers,suchasLangcangjiang,Nujiang,MinjiangandYarlungZangbo.HeadingwestfromtheHengduanMountains,onehastocrossmanypeaks--eachtowering4,000-5,000metersabovesealevel.Butteaandhorseshaveblazedatraildespitethechallengesposedbymountainsandforests.Roadsdevotedtothetea-horsetradelinkedethnicgroupslivinginareasneartheroads,makingthemmembersofthegreatChinesenation.TwomajorroutesAChineseexpertresearchingtheAncientTeaHorseRoadrecentlyfoundacompletemapoftheroaddrawnmorethan150yearsagobyaFrenchmissionary.Themaprevealsthattheroadtraversedaseriesoftoweringmountains,withriversflowinginbetweenfromthesouthtothenorth.Roughlyspeaking,thereweretwomainroutes:RouteOne:BeginsinXishuangbannaandSimao,homeofPu'erteaviaDali,Lijiang,Zhongdian,BenzilanandDeqenginYunnanProvincetoZugong,Bamda,Rewoqe,ZayuorQamdo,Lholung,Benba,Jiali,Gongbogyangda,Lhasa,GyangzeandYadonginTibet,beforecontinuingintoMyanmar,NepalandIndia.RouteTwo:BeginsinYa'aninSichuanProvincetoQamdoviaLuding,Kangding,LitangandBatangbeforemergingwithRouteOneintoLhasa.Tensofthousandsoftravelinghorsesandyakscreatedadefinitepathwiththeirhoofsontheonce-indiscernibleroad.Today,althoughevensuchtracesoftheancientroadarefadingaway,itsculturalandhistoricvaluesremain.SourceLink:http:indexcontentcontent_1866196.htm||Part2:ThisancienttraderoutestartsinthesubtropicallowlandsofYunnaninXishuangbannaprefecture.BillWassmanLPIFromthesteamy,subtropicallowlandsofXishuangbanna“shee-shwang-bah-na”,tothecrisphighlandsoftheTibetanplateau,China’sYunnanprovincehasbeenalinkbetweenteagrowersanddrinkersformorethan1,200years.Yearsago,teagrowersandhorsetradersmetinmarketsalongYunnan’sTea-HorseRoad,anoldtraderoutealsocalledtheSouthSilkRoad,betweenXishuangbannaandTibet.Today,youcantraveltheancientrouteandfindremnantsofthecaravanroadinoldmarketsquares,patchesofcobbledlaneandstill-thrivingteaplantations.TracetheancientTea-HorseRoadbybeginningwhere,intheory,itallstarts:withtheteatreesinsouthernYunnan.ThenmovenorthwestalongtheoldrouteuntilyoureachZhongdian,orShangri-La,whichisoneofthelaststopsinChinabeforetheTibetAutonomousRegionandisnearly10,000fthigherthanXishuangbanna.Mosttownsarepopulatedbyethnicminoritieswhoplayedindividualrolesinthetea-horsetrade,suchasgrowersandmiddlemen.Today,manyoftheseminoritiesstilldressintheirtraditionalclothingandspeakdialectsfarremovedfromMandarin.InteractingwiththemisahighlightofanytriptoYunnan.Hereisabreakdownofsomeofthevillagesandsitesalongtheway:XishuangbannaXishuangbannaprefectureencompassesthesubtropicallowlandsofYunnan.ItsrollinghillsarespottedwithsmallDaivillagessurroundedbyacresandacresoftea.ThisisthelandofPu’er,aparticularlyfavouredteathatisfermentedandshapedintobricksorpancakesforeasytransportbymule.DaliDaliOldCitysitsat4,000ft,withverticalpeaksrisingbehinditlikeagreenscreen.Amajorconduitmarkettownontheroute,DaliisthecradleofBaicivilizationandyouwillnoticetheirsignaturewhitewashedbuildingswithflower-paintedborders.ThisethnicminoritygroupactedasmiddlemenbetweenteagrowersfromXishuangbannaandhorsetradersfromTibet.ShaxiTheclimbcontinuestoShaxi,anothermajortradinghubdesignatedasaUnescoWorldHeritagesite.Cobbledstreets,oldhorsestallsandsmallcourtyardguesthousesthatwereonceusedformuleteersareallbeingpreservedinShaxiasitpreparesfortourism.ItisoneofthemostintactandbeautifulsitesalongtheTea-HorseRoad,withitsmarketsquareframedbyaperformancestageandpowerfulstthesquareisstillusedbylocalsintheeveningsfortraditionaldancing.LijiangTradersrarelymadetheentirejourneyalongtheTea-HorseRoad,insteadtradinggoodsatmarketsalongtheway.Lijiang,alsoontheUnescoWorldHeritageList,wasonesuchtown.Itisastunningplaceifyoucangetpastthethemepark-feelandthecrowdsoftourists.Butwithitsancientcanalsystemfilledwithrushingwaterfromthesnow-toppedpeaksinthedistance,toppedbyarchedstoneandwoodbridges,andreflectingmoodyredlanternsintheevening,Lijiang’spersonalityisdifficulttoresist.ZhongdianShangri-LaWhatisstilllocallyknownasZhongdianor,inTibetan,GyeltangwasofficiallychangedtoShangri-Lain2001.Atnearly10,000ftinelevation,Zhongdianswirlswiththesmellofwoodandcoalsmokepermeatingitscold,dryair.Here,ruddy-facedTibetansstandoutfromtheHanChinese,asdoestheirarchitecture:square,three-storeyhomeswithbrightscrollworktrimmingthem.Teaismixedwithyakbutterforahigh-caloriedrinkinthisshiveryclimate.JustoutsidetheoldcityistheSongzanlinMonastery,agolden,multi-storiedcomplexwhereTibetanBuddhistmonksmakeclockwisecirclesoutside,andjunipersmokeandTibetanprayerflagsburstagainstthebluesky.(C)2011LonelyPlanet.SourceLink:http:article-.html||Part3:TheForgottenRoadChineseteaandTibetanhorseswerelongtradedonalegendarytrail.Todayremnantsofthepassagewayrevealgrandvistas—andasurprisingnewcommerce.ByMarkJenkinsPhotographbyMichaelYamashitaDeepinthemountainsofwesternSichuanI'mhackingthroughabamboojungle,tryingtofindalegendarytrail.Just60yearsago,whenmuchofAsiastillmovedbyfootorhoof,theTeaHorseRoadwasathoroughfareofcommerce,themainlinkbetweenChinaandTibet.Butmysearchcouldbeinvain.AfewdaysearlierImetamanwhousedtocarrybackbreakinglohewarnedmethattime,weather,andinvasiveplantsmayhavewipedouttheTeaHorseRoad.Then,withonewidesweepofmyax,thebamboofalls.Beforemeisafour-foot-widecobblestonetrailcurvingupthroughtheforest,slickwithgreenmoss,almostovergrown.Someofthestonesarepittedwithwater-filleddivots,leftbythemetal-spikedcrutchesusedbyhundredsofthousandsofporterswhotrodthistrailforamillennium.Tobecontinued...SomesourceLinks:http:201005tea-horse-roadjenkins-text1http:www.doyouhike.netforumbackpackingdigest,0,4.html||Thevestigialcobblestonepathlastsonly50feet,climbsasetofbrokenstairs,thenonceagaindisappears,sweptawaybyyearsofmonsoonaldeluges.Icarryon,enteringanarrowpassagewherethesidewallsaresosteepandslipperyIhavetohangontotreestokeepfromfallingintotheboulderycreekfarbelow.I'mhoping,atsomepoint,tocrossoverMaanShan,ahighpassbetweenYaanandKangding.ThatnightIcamphighabovethecreek,butthewoodistoowettomakeafire.Rainpoundsthetent.InthemorningIprobeaheadanother500yardsbeforeanimpenetrablewallofjunglestopsme,forgood.I'mforcedtoadmitthathereatleasttheTeaHorseRoadhasvanished.Infact,mostoftheoriginalTeaHorseRoadisgone.Recklesslyrushingtomodernity,Chinahasbeenpavingoveritspastasfastaspossible.Beforethetrailisbulldozedorobliterated,I'vecometoexplorewhat'sleftofthisoncefamousbutnowall-but-forgottenroute.Theancientpassagewayoncestretchedalmost1,400milesacrossthechestofCathay,fromYaan,inthetea-growingregionofSichuanProvince,toLhasa,thealmost12,000-foot-highcapitalofTibet.Oneofthehighest,harshesttrailsinAsia,itmarchedupoutofChina'sverdantvalleys,traversedthewind-stripped,snow-scouredTibetanPlateau,fordedthefreezingYangtze,Mekong,andSalweenRivers,slicedintothemysteriousNyainqentanglhaMountains,ascendedfourdeadly17,000-footpasses,andfinallydroppedintotheholyTibetancity.Snowstormsoftenburiedthewesternpartofthetrail,andtorrentialrainsravagedtheeasternportion.Banditswereaconstantthreat.Yetthetrailwasheavilyusedforcenturies,eventhoughtheculturesateitherendattimesdespisedeachotherandstilldo.Thedesiretotradewaswhythetrailexisted,nottheromanticswappingofideasandethics,cultureandcreativityassociatedwiththelegendarySilkRoadtothenorth.ChinahadsomethingTibetwanted:tea.TibethadsomethingChinadesperatelyneeded:horses.TodaythetraillivesoninthememoriesofmenlikeLuoYongFu,awatery-eyed92-year-oldwhomImetinthevillageofChangheba,aten-daywalkforateaporterwestofYaan.WhenIfirstarrivedinSichuan,Iwastoldnoteaporterswerestillalive.ButasIwalkedthelastremnantsoftheChamagudao,theChinesenamefortheancienttraderoute,ImetnotonlyLuo,butalsofiveothers,alleagertosharetheirstories.Stoopedbutstillsurprisinglystrong,LuoYongFuworeablackberetandablueMaojacketwithapipeinthepocket.HehadworkedontheTeaHorseRoadasaporter,carryingteatoTibetfrom.Luo'sloadofteaalwaysweighed135poundsormore.Atthetime,heweighedlessthan113pounds.||Difficultiesweresogreatandthehardshipsoenormous,Luosaid.Itwasaterriblejob.LuohadcrossedbackandforthoverMaanShan,thepointIhadhopedtoreach.Inwinterthesnowwasthreefeetdeepandsix-footicicleshungfromtherocks.Hesaidthelasttimesomeonehadcrossedthepasswasin1966,sohedoubtedwhetherIwouldbeabletodoit.ButIdidgetaglimmerofwhatitmusthavebeenliketotraveltheroad.InXinkaitian,thefirststopontheteaporters'20-daytrekfromYaantoKangding,clean-shavenGanShaoYu,87,andbristle-facedLiWenLiang,78,insistedonactingouttheirlivesasporters.Backsbentbeneathimmense,imaginaryloadsofbricktea,veinyhandsonT-shapedcrutches,headsdownandeyesontheirsplayedfeet,thetwooldmenshowedmehowtheywobbledsinglefilealongawetstretchofcobblestone.AftersevenstepsGanstoppedandstampedhiscrutchthreetimes,followingtradition.Bothmencircledtheircrutchesaroundtotheirbackstoresttheirwood-framepacksatopthecrutch.Wipingsweatfromtheirbrowswithphantombamboowhisks,theycroakedouttheteaportersong:Sevenstepsup,youhavetorest.Eightstepsdown,youhavetorest.Elevenstepsflat,youhavetorest.Youarestupid,ifyoudon'trest.Teaporters,bothmenandwomen,regularlycarriedloadsweighing150to200thestrongestmencouldcarry300.Themoreyoucarried,themoreyouwerepaid:Everypoundofteawasworthapoundofricewhenyougotbackhome.Wearingragsandstrawsandals,portersusedcrudeironcramponsforthesnowypasses.Theironlyfoodwasasatchelofcornbreadandanoccasionalbowlofbeancurd.||Ofcoursesomeofusdiedontheway,Gansaidsolemnly,hiseyelidshalfshut.Ifyougotcaughtinasnowstorm,youdied.Ifyoufelloffthetrail,youdied.TeaporteringendedsoonafterMaotookoverthecountryin1949andahighwaywasbuilt.Redistributinglandfromthewealthytothepoor,Maoreleasedtheteaportersfromservitude.Itwasthehappiestdayofmylife,Luosaid.Afterhereceivedhisparcelofland,hebegantogrowhisownriceandthatsadperiodpassedaway.TeawasfirstbroughttoTibet,legendhasit,whenTangdynastyPrincessWenChengmarriedTibetanKingSongtsenGampoinA.D.641.Tibetanroyaltyandnomadsaliketooktoteaforgoodreasons.Itwasahotbeverageinacoldclimatewheretheonlyotheroptionsweresnowmelt,yakorgoatmilk,barleymilk,orchangbarleybeer.Acupofyakbuttertea—withitsdistinctivesalty,slightlyoily,sharptaste—providedamini-mealforherderswarmingthemselvesoveryakdungfiresinawindswepthinterland.TheteathattraveledtoTibetalongtheTeaHorseRoadwasthecrudestformofthebeverage.TeaismadefromCamelliasinensis,asubtropicalevergreenshrub.Butwhilegreenteaismadefromunoxidizedbudsandleaves,brickteaboundforTibet,tothisday,ismadefromtheplant'slargetoughleaves,twigs,andstems.Itisthemostbitterandleastsmoothofallteas.Afterseveralcyclesofsteaminganddrying,theteaismixedwithglueyricewater,pressedintomolds,anddried.BricksofblackteaweighfromonetosixpoundsandarestillsoldthroughoutmodernTibet.Bythe11thcentury,brickteahadbecomethecoinoftherealm.TheSongdynastyusedittobuysturdysteedsfromTibettotakeintobattleagainstfiercenomadictribesfromthenorth,antecedentsofGenghisKhan'shordes.ItbecametheprimetradingcommoditybetweenChinaandTibet.For130poundsofbricktea,theChinesewouldgetasinglehorse.ThatwastheratesetbytheSichuanTeaandHorseAgency,establishedin1074.PorterscarriedteafromfactoriesandplantationsaroundYaanuptoKangding,elevation8,400feet.Thereteawassewnintowaterproofyak-skincasesandloadedontomuleandyaktrainsforathree-monthjourneytoLhasa.||Bythe13thcenturyChinawastradingmillionsofpoundsofteaforsome25,000horsesayear.Butevenalltheking'shorsescouldn'tsavetheSongdynasty,whichfelltoGenghis'sgrandson,KublaiKhan,in1279.Nonetheless,barteringteaforhorsescontinuedthroughtheMingdynastyandintothemiddleoftheQingdynasty.WhenChina'sneedforhorsesbegantowaneinthe18thcentury,teawastradedforothergoods:hidesfromthehighplains,wool,gold,andsilver,and,mostimportant,traditionalChinesemedicinalsthatthrivedonlyinTibet.Thesearethecommoditiesthatthelastoftheteaporters,likeLuo,Gan,andLi,carriedbackfromKangdingafterdroppingofftheirloadsofbricktea.JustasChina'simperialgovernmentusedtoregulatetheteatradeinSichuan,somonasteriesinfluencedthetradeintheocraticTibet.TheTeaHorseRoad,knowntoTibetansastheGyalam,connectedtheimportantmonasteries.Overthecenturies,powerstrugglesinTibetandChinachangedtheGyalam'sroute.Therewerethreemaintrunklines:onefromthesouthinYunnan,homeofPandonefromtheeastcuttingthroughthemiddleofTibet.Becauseitwastheshortest,thiscenterroutehandledmostofthetea.Todaythenorthernroute,Highway317,isblacktop.NearLhasaitparallelstheQinghai-Tibetrailway,highestintheworld.Thesouthernroute,Highway318,isalsooiled.Thesehighwaysaremajorarteriesofcommerce,cloggedwithtruckscarryingeveryimaginablecommodityfromteatoschooltablets,solarpanelstoplasticplates,computerstocellphones.Almostallofitgoesoneway—westtoTibet,tomeettheneedsofaballooningChinesepopulation.Thewesternhalfofthemiddleroutehasneverbeenpaved.ThisisthesegmentthatwindsthroughTibet'sremoteNyainqentanglhaMountains,anareasoruggedandinhospitableitwassimplyabandoneddecadesagoandtheentireareaclosedtotravelers.I'dseenwhatwasleftoftheoriginaltrailinChina.TodothesameinTibet,I'dhavetofindawayintotheseforbiddenmountains.Icalledmywife,SueIbarra,whoisanexperiencedmountaineer,andaskedhertomeetmeinLhasainAugust.WebeginourjourneyattheDrepungmonas-tery,whichliesatthewesternendoftheTeaHorseRoad—lessthanaday'shorseridefromLhasa.Builtin1416,ithasacavernousteakitchen,orgyakhang.Sevenironcauldronsfromsixtotenfeetindiameterareimbeddedinagargantuan,wood-fired,stonehearth.||Standingaboveacauldron,PhuntsokDrakpacleavesofftome-sizeslabsofyakbutterintothesteamingtea.Therewereonce7,700monksherewhodrankteatwiceaday,hesays.Morethanahundredmonksworkedinthisteakitchen.Swathedinasleevelessmaroonrobe,Drakpahasbeentheteamasterinthemonasteryfor14years.ToTibetanmonks,hesays,teaislife.Todayonly400monksresideinthemonastery,andonlytwosmallcauldronsareinuse.Foronelittlecauldron,25bricksoftea,70kilosofyakbutter,3kilosofsalt,saysDrakpa,stirringthisrecipefor200withawoodenspoontallasahuman.Forthebiggestcauldron,weusedseventimesthatmuch.Fromthemonastery,SueandIsetoutforthecityofNagqu,afive-hourdrivenorthfromLhasa,toattendtheannualhorsefestival.WewanttoseethelegendaryhorsesthatgavetheirnametotheTeaHorseRoad.Theweeklongeventusedtobeheldontheopenplains,buttenyearsagoaconcretestadiumwasbuiltsoChineseofficialswouldhavesomeplacetosit.Whenwearrivethenextmorning,Tibetanspackthestands:womenwithhighcheekbones,highheels,andlongbraidsheameninfeltcowboyhatsandthelong-sleevesocklesskidsincheapsneakers.HawkerssellspicyboiledpotatoesandcansofBudweiser.BlaringspeakersannounceeacheventinTibetanandChinese.It'sarodeoatmosphere,exceptfortheChinesepolicemenstationedeverytenyardsalongthebleachers,marchinginsquadronsaroundthefield,andlurkinginplainclothes.Downonthefield,horseandriderseemtodefygravity.Acontestantgallopsalmostoutofcontrol,danglinglikeanacrobatoffthesidetopluckawhitesilkscarffromtheground.Clodsofmudpropelintothesharpbluesky.Holdingthescarfaloft,theTibetancowboywheelshisrearinghorsetotheroarofthecrowd.TheNagquHorseFestivalisoneofthefewsurvivingeventscelebratingTibet'sequestrianheritage.Throughcenturiesofselectivebreeding,TibetanscreatedapremiumhorsecalledtheNangchen.Standingonly13.5handshighabout4.5feet—smallerthanmostAmericanbreeds,fine-limbedandhandsome-faced,withenlargedlungsadaptedtolifeonthe15,000-foot-high,oxygen-starvedTibetanPlateau,Nangchensteedswerebredtobeinexhaustibleandsure-footedonsnowypasses.ThesewerethehorsescovetedbytheChinesecenturiesago.||TodayNagqusitsonmodernHighway317,thenorthernbranchoftheTeaHorseRoad.Allsignsoftheformertraderoutehavevanished,butjustaday'sdrivesoutheast,temptinglyclose,aretheNyainqentanglhaMountains,wheretheoriginaltrailoncepassed.IamcaptivatedbythepossibilitythatbackinthedeepvalleysTibetansmightstillridetheirindefatigablehorsesalongtheoriginaltrail.Perhaps,hiddeninthevasthinterland,thereisevenstilltradealongtheroad.Thenagain,maybethetrailhasvanishedasitdidinSichuan,wipedoutbyhowlingwindandtumblingsnow.Onerainyblackmorninghalfwaythroughthefestival,whilethepolicearelookingtheotherway,SueandIslipoffinaLandCruisertofindoutwhathashappenedtoTibet'sTeaHorseRoad.Weracealldayondirtroads,grindingoverpasses,almostrollingonsteepslopes.Wedon'tstopatcheckpoints,andwecreeprightpastvillagepolicestations.BynightfallwereachLharigo,avillagebetweentwoenormouspassesthatonceservedasasanctuaryalongtheGyalam.Surreptitiously,wegodoor-to-doorlookingforhorsestotakeusupto17,756-footNubgangPass.Therearenonetobefound,andwe'redirectedtoasaloonontheedgeoftown.Inside,Tibetancowboysaredrinkingbeer,shootingpool,andplacingbetsonadicegamecalledsho.Theylaughwhenweaskforhorses.Noonerideshorsesanymore.Outsidethesaloon,insteadofsteedsofmusclestandinginthemud,therearesteedsofsteel:toughlittleChinesemotorcyclesdecoratedliketheirbone-and-bloodpredecessors—red-and-blueTibetanwoolrugscoverthesaddles,tasselsdanglefromthehandlebars.Foraprice,twocowboysoffertotakefromtherewemustwalk.Wesetoffinthedarkthenextmorning,backpacksstrappedtothebikeslikesaddlebags.Thecowboysareasadeptonmotorbikesastheirancestorswereonhorseback.Webouncethroughblackbogswherethemudistwofeetdeep,splashthroughbluebraidedstreamswhereourmufflersburbleinthewater.UpthevalleywepasstheblacktentsofTibetannomads.ParkedinfrontofmanyoftheyakhairtentsarebigChinesetrucksorLandCruisers.Wheredidnomadsgetthemoneytobuysuchvehicles?Certainlynotfromthetraditionalyakmeat-and-buttereconomy.||Ittakesfivehourstocoverthe18milestoTsachuka,anomadcampatthebaseoftheNubgangPass.Theridethoroughlyjarsourspines.Thecowboysbuildasmallsagebrushcampfireand,afteralunchofyakjerkyandyakbuttertea,SueandIsetoffonfootforthelegendarypass.Toourdelight,theancientpathisquitevisible,likearockytrailintheAlps,windingupmeadowsspeckledwithblack,long-hornedyaks.Aftertwohoursofharduphillhiking,wepasstwoshimmeringsapphiretarns.Beyondtheselakes,allgreendisappearsandeverythingturnstostoneandsky.Muletrainsofteastoppedcrossingthispassoverahalfcenturyago,butthetrailhadbeenmaintainedforathousandyears,bouldersmovedandstonestepsbuilt,andit'sallstillhere.SueandIzigzagthroughthetalus,alongthewalledpath,rightuptothepass.Thesaddle-shapedNubgangPasshasclearlybeenabandoned.Thefewprayerflagsstillflappingarewornthin,thebonesatopthecairnsbleachedwhite.Thereisasilencethatonlyabsencecancreate.Suestaresatthesnowcappedpeakssurroundingus,rawgraypyramids.Overcenturies,onlyafewWesternershaveeverstoodhere.IcatchSue'seyesfollowingtheenduringtraildownintothenextvalley.Canyouseeit?sheasks.Ican.InmyimaginationIseeamuletrainofahundredanimalsploddinguptowardus,dustswirlingaroundtheirhooves,loadsoftearockingsidetoside,thecowboysalertforbanditswaitinginambushontheNubgangPass.Ourmotocowboysarewaitingforusthenextmorningwhenwereturnfromthepass.Wesaddleupandbeginthelongrideout,bumpingandbashingdownglacialvalleys.Atmiddaywestopattwoblacknomadtents,surroundedbyneatstacksofyakdung.Alargesolarpanelhangsoneachtent,andparkedinthegrassareatruck,aLandCruiser,andtwomotorcycles.Thenomadsinviteusinandoffercupsofscaldingyakbuttertea.Insidethetent,anoldwomanistwirlingaprayerwheelandmumblingmantras,ayoungmaniscookinginashaftoflight,andafewmiddle-agedmenaresittingonthickTibetanrugs.Throughsignlanguageandapocketdictionary,Iaskthemenhowtheycanaffordtheirvehicles.Theygrinwildly,buttheconversationstrays.Afterwe'vefinishedheapingbowlsofricewithgreensandhunksofyakmeat,theheadofthehouseholdpullsoutabluemetalbox,unlocksit,priesopenthelid,andmotionsforustohavealook.||Insidearehundredsofdeadcaterpillars.Yartsagompo,ourhostsaysproudly.Eachdriedcaterpillar,heexplains,willsellforbetweenfourandtendollars.There'sprobablytengrandindeadcaterpillarsinhispadlockedbluebox.Yartsagompo—calledchongcaoinChina—isaparasite-infectedcaterpillarthatlivesonlyingrasslandsabove10,000feet.Theparasite,akindoffungus,killsthecaterpillar,thenfeedsonitsbody.EveryspringTibetannomadswandertheiryakmeadowswithasmall,curvedmetaltrowellookingforthecaterpillars.Pokinguplessthananinch,thepurplish,toothpick-shapedyartsagompostemisextremelydifficulttospot—butthecaterpillarsareworthmorethanalltheiryakscombined.InChinesemedicineshopsthroughoutAsia,chongcaoissoldasacure-allfortheravagesofaging,forhealthissuesrangingfrominfectiontoinflammation,fatiguetophlegmtocancer.Displayedinclimate-controlledglasscases,thehighestqualitycaterpillarssellfornearly$80agram,whichisabouttwicethepriceoftoday'sgold.TheTibetancloseshistreasureboxandtucksitintothesideofhistent.Beforewedepart,heinsistswehaveonemorecupofburningyakbuttertea.Aswerideoffacrossthehighplains,IamstruckbytheironyofthisnewcommercealongtheoldTeaHorseRoad.Tibetansnolongerridehorses,andteaisnolongertheprimarydrinkinurbanTibetRedBullandBudweiserareeverywhere.Andyet,justasteastillcomesfromtraditionalregionsofChina,chongcaocanbefoundonlyontheTibetanPlateau.Shoesandshampoos,TVsandtoastersmaybepouringwestwardalongthepavedportionsoftheancienttraderoute,butsomethingisgoingbackeast.TodaytheChinesearewillingtopayasdearlyformagiccaterpillarsastheyoncedidforinvinciblehorses.