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电大《流行病学》期末复习考试试题资料小抄
一、单选题
1.下列哪项不为传染源 ：C
A. 显性感染
B. 隐性感染
C. 潜伏性感染
D. 病原携带状态
E. 受感染的动物
2.传染源向四周散播病原体所能波及的范围称作：C
A. 传染过程
B. 流行过程
D. 自然疫源地
E. 以上均不是
3.下列哪项不属于传染病流行病学资料内容：E
A. 年龄、性别
B. 卫生习惯
C. 预防接种史
D. 发病季节
4.下列哪项不属于自然疫源性疾病：A
B. 肾综合征出血热
C. 钩端螺旋体病
E. 血吸虫病
5.某伤寒患者经氯霉素治疗后体温正常，一周后体温再次升高，血培养阳性，这种情况属于：A
C. 重复感染
D. 混合感染
6.消毒的准确概念是：E
A.杀灭寄生虫
B.杀灭体内微生物
C.杀灭环境所有微生物
D.消除体内致病微生物
E.杀灭或消除环境中的致病微生物
7.描述疾病流行强度的常用术语是：D
A.发病率、患病率、死亡率
B.致病力、传染性、流行性
C.季节性、周期性、长期变异
D.散发、流行、大流行
E.致病力、传染性、易感性
8.发病率、患病率和病程三者的正确关系为：A
A.患病率＝发病率×病程
B.患病率＝发病率÷病程
C.患病率＝发病率+病程
D.病程＝患病率-发病率
E.发病率＝患病率×病程
9.下列哪些疾病可以用感染率描述其流行强度：D
D.乙型肝炎
E.风湿性心脏病
10.最常用的流行病学研究方法是：A
D.横断面调查
E.病例对照研究
11.下列哪个因素对传染病年龄分布影响最大：D
A.潜伏期的长短
B.医生诊断水平的差异
C.营养状况的不同
D.免疫水平的
正在加载中，请稍后...流行病学 - 哈尔滨医科大学
流行病学所属部门:哈尔滨医科大学&&
课程基本信息
1.课程负责人情况
2.主讲教师情况
主讲教师情况(1)
主讲教师情况(2)
主讲教师情况(3)
主讲教师情况(4)
3.教学队伍情况
4.课程描述
5.自我评价
6.课程建设规划
7.学校的政策措施
课程相关资源
所属部门&哈尔滨医科大学
课程名称&流行病学
课程层次&本科专业分类体系
所属一级学科名称&医学(本)
所属二级学科名称&预防医学类
课程负责人&王滨有
&=理论教学&& &
epidemiologyepi……之中、之上）、demoslogos
2. && 19101920
19892200359
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. && B. && C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&& E.
1. According to the formation and the advancement of epidemiology, which one is not included?
A. Study of epidemic factors of infectious diseases
B .Study of epidemic factors of chronic diseases
C .Study of the disease prevention
D .Study of the clinical treatment
E .Study of the development of epidemiological methods&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
3. What is the study scope of the epidemiology?
A. Infectious disease&
B. Health problems&
C. Infectious disease and endemic disease
D. Disease of unknown aetiology
E. Disease and health status&
D. 研究人群中疾病和健康状况的分布及其影响因素以及如何防制疾病及促进健康的策略和措施。
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&& E. &&&
A. &&&&&&&&&&
10. What is the foundation of epidemiologic studies?
A. Descriptive study&
B. Analytic study&
C. Experimental study&
D. Theoretical study
E. Epidemiologic Methods study&&&&&&& &&&&&&&
A. &&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&& E.
13～16题共用备选答案）
epidemiology
1. Discussion on the epidemiological characteristics?
2. Discussion on the challenges and prospects of epidemiology at the stage?
1. D&& 2. C& 3. E& 4. D& 5. B& 6. B& 7. C& 8. D& 9. C& 10. A& 11. A
12. E& 13. B& 14. D& 15. A& 16. C& 17. C& 18. A
1. ABCD&& 2. ABCDE&& 3. ABDE&& 4. ABCDE
epidemiology
&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&
3. & DALYPYLL
= / K&&&&& K=100%
1. To detect the children with acute respiratory infection, which one should be used for measuring the frequency of the disease:
A& Incidence rate
B& Attack rate
C& Prevalence rate
D& During the prevalence rate
E& Point prevalence rate
2. According to the incidence rate, which one is not included:
A . Increasing or decreasing of the risk factors
B. Prevelence rate increase or decrease
C. Level of diagnosis increase or decrease
D. Changes of diagnostic criterias
E. Effectiveness of prevention measures
A. &&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&& C.
A. &&&&&&& B. &&&&&& C.
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. 1&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. 1&&&&&&&&&& C. 1&&
D. 6&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E. 1
A. &&&&&&&&&&& B. & &&&&&&&&&&C. &
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&& B. &&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&& B. &&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&& E.
A. &&&&& B. &&&&& C.
D. &&&&& E.
19. 200520061011212005
20. 12/1020/1016/10&&
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&&& C. &&
D. &&&&&&&&&&&& E.
21. 1000HBSAg100
&&&&&&& B.
&&&&&&&&&&&C. &
&&&&&&& E. &&
19962001996800401000&
1. Incidence rate
2. Prevelence rate
3. Infectious rate
4. Mortality rate
5. Fatality rate
8. Sporadic
9. Outbreak
10. Epidemic
11. migrant epidemiology
1. What are the increased and decreased factors for affecting the prevelence rate?
3. What are the differences between incidence and prevalence.
1. 1990835050811/783020
3. 10196010003002001006050①1960; ②③④
4. 199811101001000099008005020010
5. 198820080040198711000198890001988198863019881988
6. Framingham304010835131778825201036l8
&2. B& &3. C& &4. A& &5. B& &6. E& &7. C& &8. A& &9. D& 10. B&
12. C& 13. C& 14. B& 15. E& 16. B& 17. C& 18. C& 19. D& 20. A&
22. C& 23. B& 24. E& 25. B& 26. C& 27. A& 28. B& 29. C& 30. A
2. ABD& 3. ABCD &
1. 83501-1/7+50=350
3. 1 = 1000 / 10 100% = 10%
2 = 60 / 1000 100% = 6%
3 = 60 / 10 100% = 0.6%
4 = 60 / 300 100% = 20%
4. 119981000 = 800+200-60/ 100001000 = 94
219981000 = 200 / 10000 1000 = 20
5.11988 = 200 / [ / 2 ] 1000 = 20
&=800+200 / 2-40 / 2/ [/ 2] 1000 = 88
=800+200/ [/ 2] 1000 = 100
41988 = 40 / [/ 2] 1000 = 4
35/1083/7/1317=0.46%/0.53%=0.87:1
4=20/825=2.42%
620/825/1/1036=26.8:1
1descriptive study
2. ecological study& corelational study
3ecological fallacyecological bias
6questionnaire
2target populationsampling framestudy population
1simple random sampling
2systematic sampling5%1/20120181838587898100
3stratified sampling
4cluster sampling
5two-stage or multi-stage sampling
1selection bias
2information biasreporting biasmeasurement bias
3confounding biasconfounding factorconfounding variable
&&& A. &&& B. &&& C.
[] 。利用描述性研究，取得疾病的分布特征，进而获得有关的研究假设的启示，为分析性研究提供线索。正确答案为B
A. &&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&& C.
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&&& B&&&&&&&&&& C
D&&&&&&&& E
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. 1/20&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. 1/10&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. 1/5
D. 1/2&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&& E.
A. 20&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. 10&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. 5&&
D. 2&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&& &&&&&&&&B. &&& &&&&&&C.
D. &&&&& &&E.
A. & &&&&&&&&B. & &&&&&&C.
D. & &&&&&&&&&&&&E.
A. & &&&&&&&&&&B. & &&&&&&&&C.
D. & &&&&&&&&&&E.
1. descriptive study&&
2. census&&&&
3. sampling survey&&&&&
4. simple randon sampling
5. systematic sampling&&&
6. stratified sampling&&
7. cluster sampling&&&
8. multistage sampling
9. questionnaire&&
10. ecological study
11. ecological fallacy
1. Why the present study also means cross-sectional study or prevalence study?
2. How do evaluate the sample size in sampling study?
3. What factor may affect sampling size? , In which condition the formula n=4001P/P need to be used?
9. What kind of bias appears in present study? How to control them?
1. D& 2. B& &3. B& &4. C& &5. E &&6. D&& 7. D &&8. E &&9. C& 10. C
11.A& 12. E& 13. D& 14. B& 15. D &16. B& 17. C& 18. E& 19. A
&2. ACDE& 3. BCE &&4. BE& 5. ABDE
5. Nnn/NK=N/nK1234KK
3. 1P50% 误差d
2d0.1P0.05t=1.962NP5NP5Poisson
5. 每一层内个体变异小，而层间变异则较大。这样不仅保证总体中每一个层都有个体被抽到，除了能估计总体的参数值，还可以分别估计各个层内的情况。
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &
2cohort study
4risk factoroutcome
2. & outcome variablenatural end
1cumulative incidence01
2incidence density0
3standardized mortality ratio, SMR
3. & npn1-p5UPoissonSMRSPMR2score test
3AR%EFetiologic fraction
4population attributable riskPARPAR% PARPAR%PARRRARPARPAR%RRAR
A. &&&&&&&
A. &&&&&&&&&
B. &&&&&&&&&&&&
4. 9920100010
D. 50%10/2010%990/9900
10/100010/8920ABCD
Ie = 10.0‰,& Io = 1.1‰
RR= Ie/Io =10.0‰/1.1‰=9.19.1
RD=Ie-Io=10.0‰-1.1‰=8.9‰&&&&&
1.&& To know the incidence rates on the general population due to the size of exposed parts, which indicator is frequently used:
2. Which characteristic is not included in the cohort study
A. Observation
B. Need control
C. Confirm the relationship between the exposure and the outcome
D. Causation study
E. Saving time, labour and money
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&& C. &&&
C. &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. RRAR&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. RRPAR&&&&&&&& C. RRPAR%&&
C. PARPAR%&&&&&&&&&&&& E. ARPAR
11. X25%11.7%X&
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&& E.
8. Incidence density
9. Risk factor
10. End-point
1. Discusses the difference between end-point and terminate-time of the observation
2. Please describe briefly the relative risk and population attributable risk in epidemiology?
1. Describe the difference between cohort study and experimental study?
2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cohort study?
1. 51.0/105.0/1021.0/10
1. D& 2. E& 3. A& 4. C& 5. E& 6. D& 7. B& 8. D& 9. A& 10. E& 11. B
1. ACE& 2. BDE& 3. AE& 4. ACDE& 5. ABDE
6. ACDE& 7. BC& 8. ABCE& 9. BCDE& 10. ACE
6. exposure
7. SMRstandardized mortality ratio, SMR
8. incidence density
9. risk factor
10. end-point
2. 1①②RRAR③④⑤
1selection bias
2lost to follow-up
3information bias
4confounding bias
1. Ie = 51.0/10& Io = 5.0/10& It = 21.0/10年
1RR= Ie/ Io = 10.210.2
2AR= IeIo = 46.0/1046.0/10&&
3AR%=IeIo/ Ie×100% = 90.2%90.2%
&&& 4PAR= ItIo =16.0/1016.0/10
5PAR%=ItIo/It×100% = 76.2%76.2%
2. & matching
1frequency matching20242529
2individual matching
over-matching
1nested case-control studycase-control study nested in a cohort
2-case-cohort studycase-base reference study
2source population
2odds ratioOR
3attributable fractionAF
3. & power
1admission rate biasBerkson
2-prevalence-incidence biasNeyman bias
3征候detection signal biasunmasking bias
4time effect bias
1recall bias
2investigation bias
1OR=1.195%0.71.5
B. OR0.71.595%
OR=1.195%1=0.05OR
2. χ2=12.36P&0.05OR=3.3
A. 2&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B. 3&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&C. 4&&&
D. 5&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&E. 6
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&& C. &
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&& E.
7. 病例对照研究的特点
A. &&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&& E.
13. Stratified analysis can decrease:
A. Selection bias&&
B. Information bias&&
C. Confounding bias
D. Berkson bias&&
E. Survival case bias
15. 60%10%
18. Which bias can not appear in case control study
A. Selection bias&
B. Information bias&&
C. Recall bias&
D. Confounding bias&&&
E. Withdraw bias
20. 2050080%20%
A 3.21& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B 3.22&&& &&&&&&&&&&C 2.19&
D. 0.5&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&E. l.6
22. 500400500100
A. 80%&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B. 40%&&& &&&&&&&&&&C. 20%&&
D. 100%&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&E.
23. 500500400100OR
A. 18&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B. 16&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&C. 20&&
D. 10&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&E.
24. 6327429OR
A. 10.67&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B. 9.67&&& &&&&&&&&&&C. 2.24&&&
D. 1.24&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&E. 4.47
25. FraminghamOR=2.4OR=1.16
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&& E.
26. 100100&&&&&&
C. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
27. 5-211OR
A2.6&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B0.14&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C7.0
D10.3&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E18.0
28. OR95%0.350.75
A. &&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&& E.
7. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
1. over-matching&&&
2. analytical study
3. odds ratio&&&&&&&&
4. hospital-based case control study&&&&
5. community-based case control study
4. 50695-3
1. B&&& 2. E&& 3. C&& 4. B&& 5. C&& 6. D&& 7. C&& 8. B&& 9. E& 10. B&
11. E& 12. C &13. C& 14. B& 15. D& 16. D& 17. C& 18. E& 19. E& 20. D
21. C& 22. E& 23. E& 24. B& 25. C& 26. A& 27.C&& 28. C
1. BD& 2. ABCDE& 3. AD& 4. CE& 5. ABCE&
6. ABCDE& 7. ABCDE& 8. BE
3. ORORRRRROR5%ORRRRR
&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& OR=4.5&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& OR=4.0
6. & 10%20%
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&
1.&& The characteristics of experimental epidemiology is not included
B& Control
C& Prospective
E& Intervention
2.&& The experimental epidemiology is not included
A& Community trail
B& Case report
C& Clinical trial
D& Field trial
E& Quasi-experiment
3. 2005290%
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&& E.
13. 16/1057/10
A. 72%&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &B. 0.28&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. 72
D. 3.6&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E. 41
10005002450501560
A. 89%&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. 0.3%&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. 1.2%
D. 90%&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E. 75%
C. Hawthorne
1. Experimental epidemiology
2. Quasi-experiment
3. Placebo effect
4. Double blind
5. Contamination
6. Group randomized controlling trial
7. Compliance
8. Open trial
9. Base line
10. Clinical disagreement
1. Describe the basic characteristics of experimental epidemiology?
1. Why the clinical trials should follow the "random-oriented cluster" principle?
2. On the data collected from the experimental epidemiology, why we must concern the noncompliance and the lost follow-up?
5. Which issues we must pay attention to clinical trial design?
1. D&& 2. B&& 3. D&& 4. C&& 5. B&& 6. D& 7. C&& 8. A&& 9. C&& 10. B&
11. E& 12. C& 13. D& 14. A& 15. B& 16. E& 17. A& 18. D& 19. B& 20. D
1. ABDE& 2. ABCDE& 3. BE& 4. ABCE& 5. CDE& 6. BCE
1. & screeningscreening testX
mass screeningselective screeningsingle screeningmultiple screening
3. & gold standard7-1
validityaccuracysensitivityfalse negative ratespecificityfalse positive ratelikelihood ratioLR
reliabilityprecisionrepeatabilityagreement/consistency rateKappa
predictive valuepositive predictive valuenegative predictive value7-2
4. & cut off point
receiver operator characteristic curve, ROCROC1-ROCROC
1yield也称收获量，指经筛检后能使多少原来未发现的病人得到诊断和治疗。为了提高筛检收益，通常采取下列方法，以便应尽可能多地从人群中发现无症状病人。①选择患病率高的人群（即高危人群）；②选用高灵敏度的筛检试验；③采用联合试验。即在实施筛检时，可采用多项筛检试验检查同一对象。根据联合的形式，分为串联与并联。前者指全部筛检试验结果均为阳性者才定为阳性，该法可以提高特异度，但使灵敏度降低。后者指全部筛检试验中，任何一项筛检试验结果阳性就可定为阳性，该法可以提高灵敏度，却降低特异度。
6. & lead time biaslength biasvolunteer bias
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&&& C.&&
D. &&&&&&&&&&& E.
3. Slow-growing tumors and fast-growing tumors, screening test may lead to
A. Lead time bias&
B. Length bias&&
C. Selection bias&&&
D. Misclassification bias&&
E. Information bias
4. 19902000&
A. &&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&& E.
5. To examine 10000 women of child-bearing age, the sensitivity and the specificity are 98% and 99% respectively in pregnacy testing. If only 1% women are pregnancies, the positive predictive value is:
A. 0.1%&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. 50%&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. 89%
D. 47%&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E. 8.9%
6. gold standard
2242mmHg1426mmHg
A. 2242mmHg&&&&&&& B. 2226mmHg&&&&&&&& C. 1422mmHg
D. 2642mmHg&&&&&&& E. 1542mmHg
10. 22mmHg
A. &&&&&&&&&
C. &&&&&&&&&&&
11. 26mmHg
A. &&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&& &&&&C.
D. &&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&& E.
9. A140mmHg/90mmHgB130mmHg/85mmHg
A. &&&&&&&&&&&& B.
C. &&&&&&&&&& D.
1. screening&&&&&&&&&
2. screening test
3. gold standard&&&&&&
4. validity
5. sensitivity &&&&&&&&&
6. specificity
7. likelihood ratio&&&&&
8. reliability&
9. positive predictive value&
10. lead time bias
2. 30010020014
3. Please describe the relationship of predictive value, sensitivity and the specificity.
4. How do make sure the cutoff value in positive result of screening test?
5. Carry out one screening test, which principle should be followed?
1. C&& 2. C&& 3. B& 4. D& 5. B& 6. E& 7. A& 8. B& 9. B& 10. C&
11. D& 12. B& 13. A
1. BCE& 2. ACE& 3. ABDE& 4. ADE& 5. BD& 6. AE&&
7. CDE& 8. ADE& 9. BDE& 10. AB&& 11. BD
1. screening
2. screening test
3. gold standard
4. validity
5. sensitivity
6. specificity
7. likelihood ratio
8. reliability
9. positive predictive value
10. lead time bias
B2B1B0.75B0.667
50%25%25%50%33.3%
1. & MetaMetaMeta
3. & MetaMetaMeta
MetaFleiss&Gross1991
1. & MetaMeta
4. & ①②③
①②③④⑤⑥⑦ITT⑧
5. & 4Meta
7. & MetaMeta
8. & Mental-Haenszel
9. & MetaMeta
MetaMetaRevman4.2
2300040002%
2MetaNfsP0.050.01
Nfs0.05=Z/1.642-S
Nfs0.01=Z/2.332-S
MetaMetaMetaMeta
1.&& The most common method of sensitivity analysis is:
A& Regression analysis
B& Correlation analysis
C& Stratified analysis
D& Heterogeneity test
E& ANOVA analysis
A. &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&
B. &&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
A. &&&&& &&&&B. &&&&&&&&& C.
D. ABC&&&&&&&&& E. ABC
4. The aim of the heterogeneity test is:
A& Check all the authenticity of the results of independent research
B& Check all the reliability of the results of independent research
C& Check all the sensitivity of the results of independent research
D& Check all the consolidation of the results of independent research
E& Check all the representation of the results of independent research
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B. &&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&& &&&&&&B. &&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&& &&&&&B. &&&&&&&&&&& &C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&& &&&&&B. &&&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&& E.
1. Systematic review
2. Meta-analysis
3. Methodological quality
4. Funnel plots
5. Precision
6. External validity
2. Describe the general steps of Meta-analysis?
1. Discuss the purpose of heterogeneity test, the cause of heterogeneity and the deal process.
1. C& 2. E& 3. B& 4. D&&&
1. ABD& 2. ABCDE& 3. ACD& 4. BCE &&&&&
1. systematic review
2. MetaMeta-analysis
4. funnel plotsMeta
2. ①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨
3. ①②③④
3M-HORiRRiRROR
4RRORRRORcRRcOR0.5RROR&10.1RROR&1
&&& [A][BE][C][D]
[A]A[B][C][D][E]
来源于以下哪个方面
4. 30040~65400
A. &&&&&&&& B. &&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&& E.
1. validity&&&&&&
2. internal validity&&
3. external validity&&&&
5. selection bias&&&
6. information bias&&&&&
7. confounding bias
1. C& 2. E& 3. B& 4. A& 5. C
1. AE& 2. AC
7. confounding bias
效应均估计出来。
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&
1.&& Three major factors of epidemiological Triangle :
A.& Host, environment and pathogen
B.& Body, biological environment and social environment
C.& Host, environment and Cause
D.& Gene, environment and society
E.& Gene, environment and population
2. Disease-factor model will be divided into the following two aspects:
A. Biological factors and non-biological factors
B. Host factors and environmental factors
C. Preventible factors and not preventible factors
D. Periphery cause and Pathogenic mechanism of proximate cause
E. Risk factors and protective factors
A. &&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&& B. &&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&& E.
1. Epidemiological cause
2. Causal association
3. Application of Mill's canon?
2. D& 3. B& 4. B& 5. B& 6. A& 7. E& 8. C& 9. B& 10. D
1. ACDE& 2. AC& 3. ABD& 4. BD
4. 流行病学研究的危险因素主要为外围的远因，包括社会经济、生物学、环境、心理行为和卫生保健因素，这些因素具有数目多、导致疾病发生概率低的特点。这类因素在控制疾病流行上较致病机制病因更具有实践指导意义。如以控制人群高血压的发病率为目的的病因研究，虽然知道血管紧张素II水平增高，引起小动脉压力持续增高，可能是高血压产生的生理机制，对未发生高血压的一般人群，针对该因素的具体处理（如药物控制）是难以实施的。而对外围病因的研究发现，高盐膳食、紧张、饮酒以及缺乏运动的不良生活方式是高血压发生的危险因素。因此，可根据对外围远因的研究结果在一般人群中开展健康教育，加强保健等措施，有效改变不良的生活行为方式，从而降低高血压的发生率，有效实现高血压病的一级预防。
1948WHOhealthwell-being
2. primary health care, PHC&
3. & 1986,5
1. primary prevention&
2. secondary prevention&
3. tertiary prevention&
surveillance of disease
1passive surveillance
2active surveillance
4sentinel surveillance
5fixed populationdynamic populationbehavioral surveillance survey, BBSsecondary generation surveillance, SGS
6. & Behavioral Surveillance SurveyBSSyouth risk behavior surveillance system, YRBSS
Secondary Generation SurveillanceSGSHIV/AIDSHIV/AIDSHIV/AIDSHIV/AIDSBSSHIV/AIDS
A. &&&&&&&& &&&&B. &&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&& E.
&&& primary preventionsecondary preventiontertiary prevention
A&&&&&&&&& B&&&&&&&&& C
D&&&&&&&&& E
two pronged strategy
population strategyhigh risk strategy
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
6. 19772000198841
&&& A. &&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&& C.
&&& D. & E.
9. What kind of measure is tertiary prevention
A. Psychological rehabilitation&&
B. Quit smoking and alcohol limit
C. Physical exercise&&&&&&
D. Rational nutrition&&&
E. Early treatment
&&& A. &&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&& E.
A. &&& B. &&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
&&& A. &&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&& C.
&&& D. & E.
A. &&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&& E.
1. strategy
2. measurement
3. health&&&&&&&&&
4. health promotion
5. bio-psycho-social medical model
6. primary health care
7. two pronged strategy
8. surveillance of disease
9. active surveillance
10. passive surveillance
11. Sentinel Point Surveillance
12. secondary generation surveillance
2. Please explain the conception of primary prevention, secondary prevention and tertiary prevention.
1. A&& 2. C&& 3. A& 4. D& 5. D& 6. C& 7. B& 8. C& 9. A& 10. C&&
11. E& 12. E&
&&& 1. ABC& 2. ABCDE&& 3. ABCDE&& 4. ABCD&
3. 1948World Health Organization, WHO“healthwell-being”
7. population strategyhigh risk strategy
8. public health surveillance
12. HIVAIDSHIVAIDSHIVAIDSHIVAIDSBSSHIVAIDS
2. primary preventionsecondary preventiontertiary prevention
1. & spectrum of infection
1source of infection
2route of transmission
1air-borne infection
2water-borne infectionfood-borne infection
3contact infectiondirect contact transmissionindirect contact transmission
4arthropod/vector-borne infection
5soil-borne infection
6iatrogenic infection
7vertical transmission
3herd susceptibility
120048283372661224
3disinfectioninsecticide
6. & planned immunization
1artificial active immunityvaccinelive-attenuated vaccineinactivated vaccinetoxoid0.3%0.4%subunit vaccinerecombinant vaccineDNADNADNA vaccinenucleic vaccine
2artificial passive immunizationimmune serumimmune/gamma globulin
3passive and active immunity
= &&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&
= &&&&&&&&
= &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
WHO121898%
&&&& = &&&&&&&&
&&&& = &&&&&&
&&&& = &&&&&&&&&&&&
2transmission probability
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&& E.
communicable period
A. &&&&& B. &&& C.
1.&& The report period of category B infectious diseases(exclude AIDS, Pulmonary anthrax) on Network is :
A.12 hours
B. 24 hours
C. 48 hours
D. 36 hours
E. 72 hours
2. During pregnancy or childbirth, pathogens transmitted from the mother to offspring are called
A. Blood-borne transmission
B. Hereditary transmission
C. Vertical transmission
D. Horizontal transmission
E. Z-spread transmission
A. &&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&& E.
17～18共用题干）
19～22共用备选答案）
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&& B. &&&&& C.
D. &&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&& E.
1. source of infection
2. route of transmission&
3. infectious focus
4. zoonosis&
5. herd susceptibility
6. transmission probability
7. disinfection
8. planed immunization
1. Describe epidemiological significance of the latency period of infectious diseases?&&
2. Characteristics of the infectious diseases by air-borne epidemic are&
5. How many types of vaccination?
1. A&&& 2. C&& 3. B&& 4. D&& 5. C&& 6. B&& 7.B&& 8. D&& 9. D& 10. C
11. D& 12. D& 13. A& 14. C& 15. D& 16. B& 17. C& 18. C& 19. B& 20. A
21. D& 22. C& 23. A& 24. D& 25. B& 26. E& 27. B& 28. E&&
1. ABC& 2. AB&
1unintentional injury
2suicideself-inflicted injury
3violencehomicide injury10%
1WHO1992International Classification of DiseasesICD-1043199311
2Chinese Classification of Diseases, CCD1987ICD-9
1potential years of life lostPYLL
2disability-adjusted life yearsDALYPYLLyears of life lived with disabilityYLLD
case crossover designMetaMeta-analysisnested case-control study
1. & ①②③Haddon
3. Haddon& Haddon
A. &&&&&&& &&&&&B. &&&&&&&&&&&&& C. &&&&&&&&&&
D. &&&&&&&& E.
unintentional injury
2. Which one does not belong to unintentional injury
A. Traffic accident &&
B. Fall accident&
C. Burn accident
D. Suicide
E. Medical negligence
3. Which kind of target is the best for evaluation disease burden:
A. Disability-adjusted life yearsDALY&
B. Hurt mortality&
C. Injury incidence
D. Potential years of life lostPYLL&&&
E. Crude death rate
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. & &&&&&
C. &&&&&&&& &&&&&&
1. Injury epidemiology&
3. Injury incidence
1. Please describe the significance and importance of injury epidemiology
2. Please describe the characteristics of injury epidemiology
1. C& 2. D& 3. A& 4. D& 5. C& 6. D& 7. C
1. ABCE& 2. BCD& 3. CE& 4. ABC &5. BD&&
1. injury epidemiology
1. ①②PYLL③④⑤
2. ①②③④
4.1：①②③
1. & emergency events
1biological factors related disease
2natural disaster
4unidentified population disease
A. &&&& &&&&&&&&&B. &&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
1.&&& Option the natural disasters?
A. Volcanic eruption
B. Malaria
C. Poisoning
D. Epidemic encephalitis
E. Air crash
C. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
3. __________
A. 19882&&&&&&&&&&&& B. 19892&&&&&&&&&&& C. 19902
D. 20035&&&&&&&&&&&& E. 20039
4. ________
A. 19882&&&&&&&&&&&& B. 19892&&&&&&&&&&& C. 20025
D. 20035&&&&&&&&&&&& E. 20039
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
B. &&&&&&&&&&&
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&&
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&& C. &&&
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A.&&&&&&& B.&&&&&&&&&& C.&&
D.&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&
C. &&&&&&&&&&&&
D. & &&&&&&&
A. && &&&&&&&&&B.&&&&& C.&&&&
D. &&&&&&&&&&& E.
1. emergency events
2. outbreak
3. natural disaster
1. Describe the main characteristics of emergency events?
2. Describe the general investigation steps of the emergency events?
1. 19971011
2. 2003SARS
1. A& 2. B& 3. B& 4. D& 5. B& 6. E& 7. E& 8. A& 9. D
1. ABCDE& 2. ABD& 3. ABCDE& 4. ABCDE
1. emergency events
2. outbreak
3. natural disaster
3. ①②③④⑤
4. ①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
mental health epidemiology
1. & mental disease
psychiatry
social psychiatryKlerman1986“”
mental health
2behavioral epidemiology
2. & Le Riche1971psychosocial epidemiologyMental illness1985Kasl
1GHQSDSSAS90SCL-90
2DISWHOCIDISCANDISCCAPA
1reliability
WHODALYDALY199010.5%199811.5%202014.5%WHO
2. & 20048200530%201050%201012%200550%201060%2005420108
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&& C.
A. &&&&&& B. &&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&& E.
（一）单项选择题
1. 精神卫生研究的目的应除外
3.Which is not health behavior?
A .Limit alcohol&&
B. Low-carbohydrate and high-fiber diet&&
C. Hepatitis B vaccine&
D. Balance diet&
E. High sodium and low potassium
4. Which is the health behavior?
A. Smoking
B. Drink alcohol
C. Play basketball&
D. Type C behavior
A. &&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&& E.
Please describe the main contents of psychosocial epidemiology
1. C& 2. E& 3. E& 4. C
1. ABD& 2. ABCE3. ABCDE4. ACD
1. mental health
2. behavior
3. & human genome epidemiology, HuGEHuGE
1. & DNADNADNADNADNA
2. & biological specimen bank, BSB
A. &&&&&&& B. &&&&& C.
A. &&&&&&& B. &&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&& E.
1. The main difference between molecular epidemiology and traditional epidemiology?
B. Outcome
C. Research objectives
D. Population survey methodology
E. Idea of design
2. The types of biomarkers include:
A. Exposure biomarker, immune biomarker, effect biomarker
B. Immune biomarker, susceptibility biomarker, exposure biomarker
C. Exposure biomarker, pathology biomarker, susceptibility biomarker
D. Exposure biomarker, effect biomarkersusceptibility biomarker
E. Effect biomarker, immune biomarker, susceptibility biomarker
A. &&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. & &&&&&&&&&&B.
&&& D. &&&&&&&&&&&& &E.
A. &&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&& &C.
&&& D. &&&&&&&&&&& E.
&&& 1. molecular epidemiology
&&& 2. molecular marker
&&& 3. molecular biomarker
&&& 4. exposure biomarker
&&& 5. effect biomarker
&&& 6. susceptibility biomarker
&&& 7. external exposure
8.internal exposure
9. biological specimen bank, BSB
&& &2. Describe the design points of molecular epidemiology briefly?
&&& 3.The requirements of specimen collection and storage in molecular epidemiology?
&&& 1. B& 2. D& 3. B& 4. C
&&& 1. ABDE& 2. ABC& 3. BCE& 4. BC
1. molecular epidemiology//
2. molecular marker
3. molecular biomarker
4. exposure biomarker
5. effect biomarker
6. susceptibility biomarker
7. external exposure
8. internal exposure
9. biological specimen bank, BSB
&3. “” “”
&5. “”--“”
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &
3half sibling
4pedigree chart
5law of genetic equilibrium Hardy-Weinberg
7interaction
2. What kind of disease result from genetic factors&
A. Hemophilia&&&
B. Schizophrenia&&
C. Hypertension&&
D. Poliomyelitis
E. Foodpoisoning
A. 0.15&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. 0.25&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. 0.50
D. 0.75&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E. 0.80
A. 0.5&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. 0.25&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. 0.125
D. 0.0625&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
7. opalescent dentine, 1125211256
8. h2=b/Rb=Xg-Xra/agXg
1. Genetic epidemiology
2. Hardy-Weinberg&
3. Heredity grade
4. Half sibling analysis&&
5. Genetic Counseling&&&&&&&&&&
6. Concorance rate
2. Please describe the significant of heredity and environment in cause of disease.
4. Please describe the difference between genetic epidemiology and traditional epidemiology on the data collection.
5. 100235127
6. 29124910
7. N45072A60xab17-1
1. B&& 2. A& 3. D& 4. C& 5. C& 6. B& 7. A& 8. E& 9. B& 10. D&
11. A& 12. A& 13.A& 14.E
1. BD& 2. ACD& 3. ABCDE
2. Hardy-WeinbergHardy-Weinberg
3. interaction
5. 0.5235/2=117.5217-2
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 17-2& 2
&&&&&& 2=1.536& df=1&& P&0.05
6. &CMZ=12/29=41.4%&&
CDZ=10/49=20.4%
h2=CMZ - CDZ/1- CDZ =0.414-0.204/1-0.204=26.4%
17-3&&&&&& 2
2=|ad-bc|-0.52N/a+bc+da+cb+d
=|12×39-17×10| 2×78/12+1710+3912+1017+39
22=3.95p&0.0526.4%
7. &b1=xg-xra/ag=3.005-1.698/3.288=0.3975
b2=xg-xra/ag=3.005-2.388/3.288=0.2066
=4b=82.64%
b3=xg-xra/ag=3.005-2.697/3.288=0.0937
=8b=74.96%
A. &&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&& B.
C. &&&&&&&&&&&&& D. &&&&&&&&& E.
A. The Cochrane Library
B. MEDLINE
C. ACP Journal Club
D. Clinical Evidence
A. &&&&&&& B. &&&&&&& C.
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&& E.
8. 5%10%95%（－5%20%
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&& E. AB
A. The Cochrane Library&&&& B. ACP Journal Club&&&& C. Clinical Evidence
D. MEDLINE&&&&&&&&&&&&& E. Map of Medicine
1. Evidence-Based Medicine, EBM
2. evidence-based clinical practiceEBCP&&&&&
3. evidence-based decision making in health care
5. The World Cochrane Collaboration&&&
1. Please describe the concept of vidence-based medicine
3. What are the three aspects of the evidence evaluation?
1. D&& 2. D&& 3. B&& 4. D&& 5. A&& 6. C&& 7. D&& 8. D&& 9. C& 10. C
11. A& 12. B& 13. D& 14. D& 15. A& 16. E& 17. C& 18. E& 19. E& 20. E
5. Iain ChalmersChalmersArchie CochraneCochrane Center
tumorneoplasmcancer
1. & 120110111.85%69%
21.2 : 1602 : 1
19043.42/1016.35/1010407080
221145%20602 : 13 : 111.5 : 14060
3322.06 : 1557575%61.94
2WHO80%90%3800-WHO15%150Doll20%60%501/38-WHOa职业因素：职业环境中的致癌物质造成的职业性肿瘤占全部恶性肿瘤的1%5%21
115%20%HBVHCVHp
2B1B2G1G2M1B1
3. & 如家庭中的不幸事件、过度紧张、人际关系不协调、心灵创伤、家庭破裂等导致的长期持续紧张、绝望等，都是引起癌症的重要精神心理因素。
&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&& C.
&&&&&&& B. EB&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&& E. Ⅰ
&&&&&&& B. EB&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&& E. Ⅰ
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&& B.
D. &&&&&&&&& E. 16
&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&& E.
&&&&&&& B. &&&&& C.
D. &&&&& E.
&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
&&&&&& &&&&&&&B. &&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&E.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&B. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
&&&&&&&&&&&B. 2 &&&&&&&&&C. 3
D. &&&&&&&&& E.
24. 5912%606425%596064
A. 0.5&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. 1.5&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. 2.0
D. 4.0&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&& E.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&& &&&&C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&& E.
&&&&&&&&& &&&&B. &&&&&&&&& C.
D. &&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&& &&&&&&B. &&&&&&& C.
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&& B. &&&&&&&&&&&&& &&C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
A. &&&&&&&&&&&&& B.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&C.
D. &&&&&&&&&&&&& E.
1. epidemiology of cancer
2. biomarker
3. proto-oncogene
4. biological effective dose
5. anaplasia
6. initiation
7. promotion
8. progression
9. internal dose
2. The main risk factors of cancer.
3. The main method of primary prevention in cancer.
&1. Please describe the main protective measure of cancer.
1. E&& 2. D&& 3. B&& 4. E&& 5. D&& 6. D&& 7. D&& 8. A&& 9. B& 10. D&&
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D. North America and Western Europe
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