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A pair of standard, large scissors
Scissors are hand-operated shearing tools. They consist of a pair of
pivoted so that the sharpened edges slide against each other when the handles (bows) opposite to the pivot are closed. Scissors are used for cutting various thin materials, such as , , , , , and . A large variety of scissors and shears exist for specialized purposes.
are functionally equivalent to scissors, but the larger implements tend to be called . Hair-cutting shears have a specific blade angle ideal for cutting . Using the incorrect scissors to cut hair will result in increased damage or split ends, or both, by breaking the hair. Kitchen shears, also known as kitchen scissors, are for cutting and trimming foods such as meats.
Modern scissors are often designed
with composite
which enable the user to exert either a power grip or a precision grip.
The noun "scissors" is treated as a , and therefore takes a plural verb ("these scissors are"). Alternatively, it is also referred to as "a pair of scissors". In American English, "a pair" is singular and therefore takes a singular verb ("this pair of scissors is"). In other forms of English, "a pair" does not take the singular (so simply "these scissors are"). The word shears is used to describe similar instruments that are larger in size and for heavier cutting. Opinions vary geographically as to the size at which 'scissors' become 'shears', but this is often at between six to eight inches (about 15 to 20 cm) in length.
Shears from the 2nd century, northeastern
It is most likely that scissors were invented around 1500 BC in . The earliest known scissors appeared in
3,000 to 4,000 years ago. These were of the 'spring scissor' type comprising two
blades connected at the handles by a thin, flexible strip of curved bronze which served to hold the blades in alignment, to allow them to be squeezed together, and to pull them apart when released.
Spring scissors continued to be used in Europe until the 16th century. However, pivoted scissors of bronze or , in which the blades were pivoted at a point between the tips and the handles, the direct ancestor of modern scissors, were invented by the
around AD100. They entered common use not only in ancient Rome, but also in , , and , and the idea is still used in almost all modern scissors.
It is often reported that Leonardo da Vinci invented scissors. But the archaeological and historical evidence seems to contradict that claim. Usually no evidence, such as a drawing of scissors by da Vinci, is offered to support the claim, which is an example of an "unreal fact", similar to an urban myth.[]
During the
and , spring scissors were made by heating a bar of iron or steel, then flattening and shaping its ends into blades on an anvil. The center of the bar was heated, bent to form the spring, then cooled and reheated to make it flexible.
The Hangzhou Zhang Xiaoquan Company in Hangzhou, China has been manufacturing scissors since 1663.
William Whiteley & Sons (Sheffield) Ltd. was manufacturing scissors by 1760, although it is believed the business began trading even earlier. The first trade-mark, 332, was granted in 1791. The company is still manufacturing scissors today, and is the oldest company in the West to do so.
Pivoted scissors were not manufactured in large numbers until 1761, when
produced the first pair of modern-day scissors made of hardened and polished cast steel. He lived in ,
and was reputed to be the first person who put out a signboard proclaiming himself "fine scissor manufacturer".
During the 19th century, scissors were hand-forged with elaborately decorated handles. They were made by hammering steel on indented surfaces known as bosses to form the blades. The rings in the handles, known as bows, were made by punching a hole in the steel and enlarging it with the pointed end of an anvil.
In 1649, in -ruled , an ironworks was founded in the village of
and . In 1830, a new owner started the first cutlery works in Finland, making, among other items, scissors with the
trademark.
A pair of scissors consists of two pivoted blades. In lower-quality scissors the cutting edges are no it is primarily the
action between the two blades that cuts the material. In high-quality scissors the blades can be both extremely sharp, and tension sprung - to increase the cutting and shearing tension only at the exact point where the blades meet. The hand movement (pushing with the thumb, pulling with the fingers in right handed use) can add to this tension. An ideal example is in high-quality tailor's scissors or shears, which need to be able to perfectly cut (and not simply tear apart) delicate cloths such as chiffon and silk.
's scissors are usually not particularly sharp, and the tips of the blades are often blunted or 'rounded' for safety.
Mechanically, scissors are a first-class double- with the pivot acting as the . For cutting thick or heavy material, the
of a lever can be exploited by placing the material to be cut as close to the fulcrum as possible. For example, if the applied force (at the handles) is twice as far away from the fulcrum as the cutting location (i.e., the point of contact between the blades), the force at the cutting location is twice that of the applied force at the handles. Scissors cut material by applying a local
at the cutting location which exceeds the material's .
Some scissors have an appendage, called a finger brace or finger tang, below the index finger hole for the middle finger to rest on to provide for better control and more power in precision cutting. A finger tang can be found on many quality scissors (including inexpensive ones) and especially on scissors for cutting hair (see hair scissors pictured below). In hair cutting, some claim the ring finger is inserted where some place their index finger, and the little finger rests on the finger tang.
For people who do not have the use of their hands, there are specially designed foot operated scissors. Some quadriplegics can use a motorized mouth-operated style of scissor.
Left-handed (left) and right-handed (right) scissors
Most scissors are best-suited for use with the right hand, but left-handed scissors are designed for use with the left hand. Because scissors have overlapping blades, they are not symmetric. This asymmetry is true regardless of the orientation and shape of the handles: the blade that is on top always forms the same diagonal regardless of orientation. Human hands are also asymmetric, and when closing, the thumb and fingers do not close vertically, but have a lateral component to the motion. Specifically, the thumb pushes out from the palm and the fingers pull inwards. For right-handed scissors held in the right hand, the thumb blade is closer to the user's body, so that the natural tendency of the right hand is to force the cutting blades together. Conversely, if right-handed scissors are held in the left hand, the natural tendency of the left hand would be to force the cutting blades laterally apart. Furthermore, with right-handed scissors held by the right hand, the shearing edge is visible, but when they are used with the left hand, the cutting edge of the scissors is behind the top blade, and one cannot see what is being cut.
Some scissors are marketed as . These have symmetric handles so there is no distinction between the thumb and finger handles, and have very strong pivots so that the blades simply rotate and do not have any lateral give. However, most "ambidextrous" scissors are in fact still right-handed in that the upper blade is on the right, and hence is on the outside when held in the right hand. Even if they successfully cut, the blade orientation will block the view of the cutting line for a left-handed person. True ambidextrous scissors are possible if the blades are double-edged and one handle is swung all the way around (to almost 360 ) so that the back of the blades become the new cutting edges. Patents () have been awarded for true ambidextrous scissors.
Among specialized scissors and shears used for different purposes are:
Description/purpose
for trimming
for trimming
for trimming high branches
or secateurs
for trimming small
for cutting through large
for cutting an animal's fleece to harvest
Description/purpose
Kitchen scissors or kitchen shears
for food preparation, but often used for a variety of other purposes. In modern times, kitchen scissors are usually made from stainless steel for food hygiene and oxidization-resistance reasons. They often have kitchen functionality (other than cutting) incorporated, such as bottle-cap and bottle-openers built into the handles.
Poultry shears
to cut cooked
specialized scissors with concave blade edges to cut cigars
Description/purpose
for trimming hair
for thinning thick hair to avoid a bushy look
for cutting hair by , , and
Nail scissors
for cutting
Moustache scissors
for trimming
Description/purpose
for cutting through .
Tin, or tinner, snips
Compound action snips
Pipe and duct snips
for cutting heavy sheet metal, often in . Sometimes referred to by the
"Jaws of Life".
for cutting complex shapes in sheet metal
Description/purpose
, or "tuff cuts"
for use in emergency medical response and rescue. The rounded tips are designed to slide across human flesh without harm allowing quick removal of clothing
Dissection scissors
for cutting flesh in
for cutting flesh in
for delicate surgery
for delicate surgery
often for cutting
for cutting bandages
Description/purpose
Ceremonial scissors
giant scissors used for ceremonial
Description/purpose
for cutting cloth and producing a serrated edge so that the fabric does not fray.
Sewing chatelaine scissors
is a French term meaning "mistress of a castle, chateau or stately home", and dates back to the Middle Ages. It refers to an ornamental clasp or hook from which chains were hung from the waist, holding perhaps, a purse, watch, keys, scissors or thimble case. The sewing chatelaine became a popular ornamental appendage worn by Victorian ladies at their waist, but disappeared when fashion changed and skirts were no longer full and long. Sewing chatelaines are now produced and worn as pendants around the neck.
Chinese scissors, early to mid-
A pair of iron scissors dating from the
Fiskars scissors 1967
General purpose scissors
A pair of shears
Due to their ubiquity across cultures and classes, scissors have numerous representations across world culture.
Numerous forms of art worldwide enlist scissors as a tool/material with which to accomplish the art. For cases where scissors appear in or are represented by the final art product, see .
is a 1990 film starring
as a young man who has hands made of multiple pairs of scissors.
is a 2006 film based on the memoir of the same title.
involves two or more players making shapes with their hands to determine the outcome of the game. One of the three shapes, 'scissors', is made by extending the index and middle fingers to mimic the shape of most scissors.
In the horror game series, , There is a character called , who has a variety of identities as the main antagonist throughout the series. Scissorman is a demonic serial killer with a giant pair of scissors and will kill anyone without even showing a sign of mercy or remorse.
spent eight weeks on the . The book was later adapted into a film.
is the title of a 1999 album by .
The song "The Tailor Shop on Enbizaka (円尾坂の仕立屋 Enbizaka no Shitateya)" from
producer Akuno-P tells a story about a tailor that kills a man and his family, whom she mistakes for her unfaithful lover and his three mistresses, using her sewing scissors.
song "Scissor Man", later covered by .
"" - song by .
The term 'scissor kick' may be found in several sports, including:
, a generic martial arts term for any of a number of moves that may resemble the appearance or action of a pair of scissors.
are sometimes known as 'scissor kicks'.
strokes including the
incorporate a leg movement often known as a 'scissor kick'.
Scissors have a widespread place in cultural superstitions. In many cases, the specifics of the superstition may be specific to a given country, region, tribe, religion or even situation.
In parts of North , it was held that scissors could be used to
a bridegroom. When the bridegroom was on horseback, the person enacting the curse would stand behind him with the scissors open and call his name. If the bridegroom answered to his name being called, the scissors would then be snapped shut and the bridegroom would be unable to consummate his marriage with his bride.
In Pakistan, some believe that scissors should never be idly opened and closed without purpose. This is believed to cause bad luck.
North America
United States
In , some believed that putting an open pair of scissors underneath your
at night was a sound method for sleeping well, even if one might be cursed.
Eastern Europe
It is believed in some Eastern European countries that leaving scissors open causes fights and disagreement within a household.
It is believed in China that giving scissors to a friend or loved ones is to be cutting ties with them.
Scissors have been used in the sciences for various purposes, including descriptions of animals or natural features.
Animals named after scissors include:
of North and Central America.
The , a bird that is widespread throughout Africa.
The , a species of fish that is commonly used for freshwater aquariums.
resembles a pair of scissors, but is used as a clamp in
and does not cut at all.
cut small pieces out of .
used for holding and
metal or wire.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to .
April 23, 2005 at the
. Ernestwright.co.uk.
. Ernestwright.co.uk.
DJPianz (). . .
Aquaticcommunity. . .
: Hidden categories:Special Skills Cards
S01 - 1-touch Play
Improves the&player`s first touch when passing and shooting.
S02 -&Outside Curve
Improves touch when using the outside of the foot.
S03 - Long Throw
Improves the range&on long throws.
S04 - Super-Sub
Improves players`s abilities when introduced late in the game.
S05 - Speed Merchant
Enables&Special High&Speed&Turns.
S06 -&Long Range Drive
A player who can hit some wicked dipping shots form far out. A real nightmare for goalkeepers.
S07 -&Shoulder Feint Skills
Improves technique and precision when executing the Matthews Feint and the Upper Body Feint.
S08 - Turning Skills
Improves technique and precision when executing the cross over turn.
The Ronaldo Chop or Cross over turn as it is called in PES is a trick where it involves moving in a 45-60degrees or so direction quickly.
S09 - Roulette Skills
Improves technique and precision when executing the Marseille Roulette or the One-footed Roulette.
S10 -&Flip Flap Skills
Improves technique and precision when executing the Flip Flap or Reverse Filp Flap.
S11 - Flicking Skills
Improves technique and precision when lifting the ball&or executing the Rainbow Flick.
Flicking(or Scooping)is a trick and a card used to chip over an oncoming player most commonly when they are sliding towards you.&It can be used effectively to then break away from the defence to try and score a&goal.
S12 - Scissors Skills
Improves technique and precision when executing Step Over technique including Step Over Dummy and Reverse Step Over Dummy.
S13 - Step On Skills
Improves technique and precision when executing the L-Feint, DragBackTurn, Back Heel Feint or when taking touches with the sole of your foot.
S14 - Deft TOuch Skills
Improves technique and precision when executing the sideway scissors and sideway step over.
S15 - Knuckle Shot
Improves the accuracy of Knuckle shots.
S16 - Jumping Volley
The player with sometimes attempt mid-air volleys.
S17 - Scissor Kick
Improves the accuracy of Scissors kicks.&
S18 - Heel Flick
Improves the player`s ability to shoot and pass off high balls.
S19 - Weighted Pass
Applies backspin on longpasses foward and chipped through balls.
S20 - Double Touch
Improves technique and precision when executing the Double Touch.
S21 - Run Around
Improves technique and precision when executing the Run Around
S22 - Sombrero
Improves technique and precision when executing the Sombrero
S23 - 180 Drag
Enables a player to use the inside of the foot to pull tricky feints.
S24 - Lunging Tackle
Improves the effectiveness of lunging Tackles.
S25 - Diving Header
Sometimes, the player may attempt rather unusual blocks.
S26 - GK Long Throw
Improves range on throw by the goalkeeper.
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Posted by hang loose BestEleven
Playing Style Cards
P01 - Classic No.10 (AM) (Offensive)
An old-style static playmaker who make use of deft touches and passes rather than pace or movement.
P02 - Anchor Man (DM,CM) (Defensive)
A deep sitting defensive midfielder protecting the back line.
P03 - Trickster (RB,LB,RMF,LMF,AM,RWF,LWF,SS) (Offensive)
A skilled dribbler who uses the step-over to great effect in wizarding past the opposition.
P04 -&Darting Run (RB,LB,RMF,LMF,AM,RWF,LWF,SS) (Offensive)
A pacey player who likes to get forward.
P05 - Mazing Run (RB,LB,RMF,LMF,AM,RWF,LWF,SS) (Offensive)
A great dribbler whose quick turns and dummies are a handful for any defence.
P08 - Pinpoint Pass (SW,CB,RB,LB,DM,CM) (Offensive)
A long ball expert who can play quality passes from deep.
P07 - Early Cross (RB,LB,CM,RMF,LMF,AM,LWF,RWF) (Offensive)
A player with great vision who won`t miss the chance to hit an early cross.
P08 - Box to Box (DM,CM,LMF,RMF,AM) (Offensive)
The indefatigable all-action player covering every blade of grass for the full 90.
P09 -& Incisive Run (RB,LB,LMF,RMF,AM,RWF,LWF,SS) (Offensive)
A dribbler whose expertise is to cut in from the wide areas looking for goal scoring opportunities.
P10 - Long Ranger (SW,CB,LB,RB,CM,DM,LMF,RMF,AM,SS) (Offensive)
A player who needs no invitation to shoot and will always try to crate space for a shot.
P11 - Enforcer (DM,CM) (Defensive)
A tough combative player whose sole purpose is to keep the opposition attack in check.
P12 - Goal Poacher (SS,CF) (Offenseive)
A predatory striker who plays off the shoulders of the last defender.
P13 - Dummy Runner (SS,CF) (Offensive)
A player who attracts the defence to creat space for ohter players to exploit.
P14 - Free Roaming (CM,RMF,LMF,AM,SS) (Offensive)
A player with a keen eye for goal who sugres forward at any given opportunity.
P15 - Talisman (CM,RMF,LMF,AM) (Offensive)
The&talisman who can drive the entire team forward.
P16 - Fox in the Box (CF) (Offensive)
A striker who lurkes in the opposition 18 yard box just waiting for the ball.
P17 - Offensive Sideback (LB,RB,CB)&(Offensive)
A defender who likes to join in the attack and lay seige on the opposition goal at every given opportunity.
P18 -& Track Back (SS,CF) (Defensive)
A forward who likes to track back and help out the defence.
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Posted by hang loose BestEleven
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